How Are Responses To Disasters Shaped By The Bureaucratic Structures Of Humanitarian Institutions?

Accident, be it natural or man made, are common these days. It is not that in human history that disasters never happened but the modern world is a close contact global village and with willingness any country is able to help the other in peril. However, there are several clauses attached to it along with strings that are attached to international politics. As a result, it should be taken into account that any action taken against any incident of disaster follows the path of evaluation and analysis on the parameters of bureaucratic judgments and willingness.It should also be taken into account this bureaucratic evaluation of the incident is subjected to the political scenario in long or in short run. Furthermore, it is also to be considered that all the humanitarian institutions responsible for the deliverance of aid to the disaster stricken area would ultimately be depended on the willingness of the bureaucratic system. The bureaucratic system work strictly on the principals of adva ntages and benefit of the action thus aid becomes relatively more obvious in areas of vested interest than the areas that are not directly linked up with the interest of the bureaucratic scheme. Olsen, 16)It is true that the Western Society has proved to be the most powerful in terms of finance and resource in the modern era and thus it is the call of the Western world that determines the severity of a disaster in a given situation and the amount of aid that should be granted as a relief. It is obvious that the bureaucratic system is the most instrumental part in this entire scenario of politics of aid and thus all the humanitarian institutes are in alignment with this system.The connection between the bureaucratic system and and the humanitarian institutes are also revealed in the local perception of aid or relief during a disaster. If the Tsunami of the Indian Ocean is taken into account it would be clear that in the island of Sri Lanka it was found that such bureaucratic discrimi nation in the parameters of race abd religion was taking place. Here the bureaucratic system was playing in the hands of the government formed by the help of the majority consisting of the population of the Sinhalese language.This bureaucratic system then influenced the humanitarian institutions to offer major part of the relief to the Sinhalese population rather than the Tamil population of the northern parts of the island. (Walker, 5) The example of Sri Lanka and the relief discrimination between the Sinhalese and the Tamil population could be regarded as a classic example of bureaucratic system induced humanitarian misuse or under use of the aid. In conclusion it should be mentioned that there are several examples that point towards proper distribution of aid during the time of disaster by institutions like Salvation Army and the Red Cross.However, the point that should not be missed is that the action taken during a disaster is an emergency and is purely based on humanitarian gr ounds thus the equal and proper distribution of aid and relief should always be one hundred per cent and there should not be any bureaucratic influence to state otherwise. As a human being this is the minimum requirement and the maximum amount of resource should be employed to attain the goal.

Released from prison Essay

Being released from prison and being free from the blame and the responsibility of a crime that one did not commit is supposed to be happy and relieving. Exonerated prisoners have this fleeting feeling of happiness and relief but after awhile it is replaced by frustration and grief over the lost years of his life as he is trying to rebuild the life and the identity that was taken from him. Because of social stigma placed on people behind bars, these exonerated prisoners are treated much the same as the other convicts. The psychological trauma that they have gone through inside the prison is replaced by the stress that they face when they try to rebuild their lives. Getting out of prison is one thing, living the life outside of prison when you have lived inside one is the more difficult part. Rebuilding his life has been hard for Scott Fappiano as he tells his story of finding it difficult to get identification cards that is needed for him to own his identity once again, and in the longer run give him a job to earn his living. Being an exonerated prisoner, he has no release papers to accompany his inmate ID. This created problems for him as institutions, particularly, the Department of Motor Vehicles, did not acknowledge his inmate ID, Social Security Card and newly issued credit card. The reentry of exonerated prisoners to the society is harder because of the social stigma that is associated with prison. Having a criminal background, though one is innocent and has been proven innocent of the alleged crime, causes people to shun them. This destabilizes the cultural values and norms of the individual causing psychological problems and turning to suicide or substance abuse as an escape from the stigma. This, in turn, makes them prisoners of the marred reputation that they have. The interaction and relationship between the individual and the society is based on the shared values and meanings placed on these values. This signifies that the social relationship of individuals and the different institutions of the society have different implications in the behavior and perspective of the individual and the society. Because of being institutionalized, living in a world in which there is no individuality and identity, the exonerated prisoners have stunted personal and social development. When they come out of prison, their values significantly change, thus, changing their perspectives and relationships with other people. The social stigma that is attached on their identities is difficult to erase and there is a need to counsel these individuals on social relationships outside of prison. This will ultimately prevent them from turning into what they have been exonerated from or committing other criminal acts or turning into substance abuse or suicide. Since socialization is the best way to reinforce behavior, it is important that these individuals be treated with the same respect and value as other individuals who have not been in prison. This will allow the exonerated prisoner time to adjust to his new environment. Within prison, they should have been prepared for their re-entry to the society, whether or not they will be able to get out. This will maintain social order and avoid deviance when they come out of prison since the destabilization of their identities and beliefs will go from being in an institution to becoming free men.

Animals Shouldnt Be Kept in Zoos Essay Example for Free

Animals Shouldn’t Be Kept in Zoos Essay The social network, Facebook is unnecessary worldwide for people under the age of 18 because there many people who are being exposed to atrocities through Facebook. If you are under the age of 18 you also have high risk of becoming prevalent to cyber bulling and many people under this age are not taking action when they are being bullied or when they view it; and a large percentage of people that use Facebook are under the legal age. Facebook is the worst social networking site for internet trolling, and bullying is now more prevalent online than anywhere else. Research has stated (daily mail. com, Damien Gayle, 2013) that 87 per cent of teenagers who reported cyber abuse said they were targeted on Facebook. Facebook is the worst social networking site for internet trolling, and bullying is now more online than anywhere else. Bullying on-line continues to be a serious problem for a huge number of teenagers and we cannot ignore its often devastating and tragic effects. When teenagers are bullied many of them try to hide it and decide not to tell anyone. Research states that this is mainly because they scared, nervous, don’t want to be teased or don’t want to act as if it is a problem. Emma-Jane Cross, CEO and founder of the charity BeatBullying, said many young people were suffering because of cyber bulling in silence. However, hundreds of young people are being cyber-bullied or trolled so badly that it can lead to depression, truancy, self-harm, or even force them to contemplate or attempt suicide. This is a real problem Around 7. 5 million (out of the 20 million on Facebook) are under the legal age of 13. Even more troubling, more than five million Facebook users were 10 years old or younger, and they were allowed to use Facebook largely without parental supervision leaving them vulnerable to threats ranging from malware to sexual predators. It is absolutely inconceivable that a pre-teen would have the ability or patience to go through the existing maze of settings to be able to make their Facebook account private enough to ensure protection from unwanted approaches, spam and exploitation of their personal pictures and content. In saying this, so many people are using Facebook and are posting private picture, addresses and birth date. A study shows Schools, teachers and cyber safety experts, are trying very hard to educate teens about their longer term digital identity and online behaviour. But again, as my previous post suggests, it appears that many parents are simply not taking responsibility for their children’s online behaviour. Some seem unaware of the potential online dangers that their children can face daily. This can be partly due to schools not publicizing the constant stream of incidents. Or maybe it’s because their own children are keeping quiet even when harassed for fear of being banned and ostracised by their peers. Animals Shouldn’t Be Kept in Zoos. (2016, Dec 12).

Delivering Learning In Online Environments Essay - 14

Delivering Learning In Online Environments - Essay Example A more pragmatic thing to say will be that though online education is not a panacea for every academic void, yet it does facilitate the students, a viable portal to enhance their skills and knowledge if they do not afford to attend regular classes. The supporters of classroom education do say that regular classrooms are a better platform for imparting education as they allow the students to engage in interactions with their class fellows and teachers and analyze varied facets of the academic content they study (Weller, 2002). Besides classroom education nowadays is flexible enough to provide the students with varied time schedules and frameworks to allow them to add on to their academic achievements. The traditional campus environment does help the students to be disciplined with their curriculum and studies and to be prompt with their assignments, papers, and deadlines (Weller, 2002). It allows the students to avail the required help and academic framework to finish their assignments in a regular and professional manner. Besides, it is the face to face communication that makes the classroom education so special as compared to online education (Weller, 2002). The motivation and encouragement provided by teachers in regular clas srooms do make the students perform to the best of their ability. Yet, the thing is that the supporters of online education do tend to have valid reasons to support this mode of achieving an education. It has been said time and again that students happen to gain more if they have a vocational aspect to their academic growth. Thereby, online education is very flexible in the sense that it helps the students gain on many skills and academic qualifications while they are engaged in the career and vocational aspects of their life.

ETHICAL ISSUES Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

ETHICAL ISSUES - Research Paper Example This ensures that only the researches that meet the minimum ethical requirements are conducted, hence, increasing the chances of having a successful research. Another way that an internal review board assists in ensuring the researches undertaken are successful is through provision of information and training to researchers. According to Craig (2009), an internal review board serves as a resource for researchers by providing them with training and information necessary for conducting a successful research. This ensures that the researchers are well equipped when they are undertaking a research and, thus, influences their ability to achieve a successful research. The training and information that this board provides assists researchers in facing some of the challenges of conducting a research and, hence, makes their research successful. The ethical issues involved in research vary with the kind of research undertaken, as well as the research method chosen for the research per se. The ethical issues for an engineering research that does not involve human subjects are different from the ethical issues of a social research that involves human subjects. However, several ethical issues are applicable in almost every research undertaken regardless of the research type and research method. One of such ethical issues is the way subjects in a research are to be treated by the researcher. Another ethical issue is how the research should be undertaken while the other one is how the research findings should be reported. These three ethical issues are sensitive when it comes to any kind of research undertaking. If the subjects in a research are not well treated by the researcher, they can experience some direct or indirect harm because of the participation in research (Oliver, 2010). Therefore, the ethical issue of treating the subjects well and carefully during a research is a very sensitive issue. The ethical issue on

Economic Report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Economic Report - Essay Example Presidents’ economic performance based on the real Gross Domestic Products The two presidential terms, the first term of president Barrack Obama and the last term of President George W. Bush were characterized by the worst economic performance since World War II. The real Gross Domestic Product (GDP) grew by only 4% during the second term of President George W. Bush’s tenure, which was the weakest since World War II. During the first term of Obama’s tenure, the real GDP grew by 5.9%, the second weakest since World War II. According to NBER (National Bureau of economic research), the most recent recession began in 2007 and ended in 2009. NBER states that economic recession starts when growth is at the peak, and then the nation begins to experience slow economic activity. A recession comes to an end and economic expansion begins after the economic activities hit the economic trough and start to grow again. It can be concluded that the most recent economic growth wa s lowest during the last term of George W. Bush and started to peak during Barrack Obama’s first term. ... W. Bush, and through superb economic policies, he managed to transform it into a surplus of 2.4% of the GDP in 2000. In addition, federal spending dropped from 22% of GDP in 1992 to 18.4% in 2000. It can be concluded that during Clinton’s era, the economy experienced the highest growth of GDP at 14% due to sound economic policies, low interest rates, and reduced spending that resulted in a relatively low deficient rate. However, some critics state that Bill Clinton’s economic policies encouraged subprime lending, housing bubble, and economic boom, which were instrumental in starting the great recession (Tanzi 58). George H. W. Bush can be remembered for spurring the economy that buoyed Clinton’s economic prosperity. He inherited from Reagan an economy that had started to enter the recession phase after experiencing a considerable economic prosperity. During his era, the GDP grew by 8.8%, which was a bit higher than those posted by Barrack Obama and George W. Bush . Although his presidency was marked by excessive spending on wars, such as the Gulf War, he managed to contain inflation and provided a good economic pathway for the prosperity of the economy during Bill Clinton’s era (Grabowski, Self, and Shields 71). Presidents’ economic performance based on civilian unemployment rate The United States of America has experienced eleven recessions since 1948. The federal and state governments have applied several measures to combat recession and minimize civilian unemployment through tax cuts and stimulus spending. In the early 1980s, the economy endured a recession, and the rate of unemployment was at double digits. The main reason was that the federal government was trying to minimize the inflation that was affecting

Current Events with Leadership Challenges Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Current Events with Leadership Challenges - Essay Example owing an investigation that found Co CEO Mark Hurd culpable for having a relationship with the company’s contractor who was paid irregularly he had to resign. The investigations also revealed misuse of company resources totalling $ 20,000 as well as violating company policies. However, instead of firing him, the company still allowed him to resign and take home over # million despite having presented inaccurate expense reports concealing his actions. Considering that investigation had found the CEO to have mismanaged the company the company further made an ethical mistake by allowing him to resign (Gregory, 2010). Hurd should have been fired, made to account for his unethical behaviour, pay the company money he misappropriated and prosecuted. This was not the case; instead he was paid handsomely on his resignation. Such a message being sent to employees and the general public could further work to the detriment of the company. The public could form a negative opinion of the company and this would have substantial business implications. As a giant in the computers sector, the company has since lost significant market share to other firms such as Lenovo. This underscores the need for ethical leadership in today’s business

Church of Scientology History, about the church its views, conflicts, Research Paper

Church of Scientology History, about the church its views, conflicts, problems and issues, and present day - Research Paper Example Thor hitting his enemies with his hammer, they were no longer afraid of it. It is rather surprising that later in history another type of religion appeared that dealt with much more complex issues, such as Christianity. However, in the previous century, the world witnessed various religions that were different from everything that was known before. This paper will explore the major tenets of Scientology, including some criticism that is aimed at it. To begin, one should point out that it is rather difficult to find one specific word that would describe Scientology. In some countries, for example in the United States it is legally recognized as a religion and as such is exempt from paying taxes. This is particularly important since it reflects the full acknowledgement as a spiritual teaching that is equal to such world religions as Christianity and Islam. On another hand, in some countries Scientology is viewed as a commercial organization and is treated accordingly. The justification for such approach comes for the peculiarities of some of its practices when people are able to receive counseling or knowledge for a fixed fee. Finally, some countries, like France, see Scientology as nothing but a cult (Kent,1999). It must be noted that the origins of Scientology is in the works of L. Ron Hubbard. At first, this person developed Dianetics: a teaching according to which people were able to get rid of the past that was supposedly holding them back (Horwitz, 1997, p. 88). Such approach toward personal evolution reflects the widely accepted trends of the 1950s when emotions were rejected and rationality was thought to dominate the world. However, as this practice was developed, some people noted that they were able to get in touch with their previous lives and reincarnation became of the most discussed themes. Unlike other people who would quickly dismiss it, Hubbard saw the potential in this

Set operations and Venn diagrams. week 5 MAT Essay

Set operations and Venn diagrams. week 5 MAT - Essay Example So using the example above, cars, buses and vans should be written inside the circle for land vehicles, while rafts and yachts belong to the circle for water vehicles. It is also possible that an object possesses both characteristics. For example, if you want to use a Venn diagram to organize a variety of tools based on whether it is for kitchen (circle 1) or for plumbing (circle 2), you know that scissors belong to both circles. To represent this, we write ‘scissors’ in the overlap of two circles. What if you have an object that does not have any of the characteristics represented by your circles? Then you simply put its name outside the overlapping circles, to signify that it does not belong to any of the groups. Taking the Venn diagram of tools, you know that a watering can does not belong to either kitchen or plumbing tools because it is a gardening tool. Thus, you put ‘watering can’ outside the overlapping

Googles Human Resource Activities And Its Business Objectives Research Paper

Googles Human Resource Activities And Its Business Objectives - Research Paper Example Google has abandoned the age-old practice of simple delegation; instead, it has adopted a vigorous practice of training and developing strategically important skills of its middle-level executives. Thus, the study has established a substantially positive and dynamic correlation between the former and the latter. In the modern service industry, the role of human resource management (HRM) has been found to be invaluable in meeting the organizational objectives. By taking Google as a case study, it is projected that the needs of the service industry depicting the modern information age industry will be captured in terms of objectives within the context of HRM. In the creation of the appropriate relationship between the organizational objectives at Google and the role of the HRM function, this study makes the inference that the global status that Google occupies will give the best picture of a successful link (Verma, 2006). Therefore, the choice of Google Company for this research study was inspired by its global success in different spheres of operations as its growth trajectory illustrates. Google’s Strategic Human Resource Management (SHRM) is said to have been formulated from a desire of the top management to harness its resource allocation policies so that positive functional synergi es could be achieved. Google Company has been in existence since 1996 circa and the founders - Larry Page and Sergey Brin – have been in charge of its most critical technical operations. After 15 years of operations, the company has evolved into a gigantic multinational company (MNC) with its stakeholders spread throughout the globe. Its HRM function is influenced by the company’s global operations inspired by its rare market brand positioning unmatched by several of its rivals.

The Young and the Innocent Essay Example for Free

The Young and the Innocent Essay Alison Croggon once said, â€Å"We are all mistaken sometimes; sometimes we do wrong things, things that have bad consequences. But it does not mean we are evil, or that we cannot be trusted ever afterward.† The story of the 1692 Salem Witch Trials is portrayed in Arthur Miller’s play, â€Å"The Crucible.† In this drama a troubled girl named Mary Warren fights through the false accusations of other girls and the citizens of Salem, Massachusetts. Mary Warren is an innocent girl stuck in the middle of a bad situation. She is forced to make some harmful decisions in order to protect her own life. Mary Warren is a young girl that is intimidated easily. She is a follower and her leaders are John Proctor and Abigail Williams. Throughout the play both Proctor and Abigail force Mary to do things that put her life in danger. Proctor said to Mary, â€Å"You’re coming to court with me, Mary. You will tell it in the court†¦You will tell the court how that poppet come here and who stuck the needle in† (Miller 1134). Mary doing what Proctor says will force the other girls to turn on her and put Mary’s life on the line. This time, Mary makes the right choice and tells the truth out of fear of Proctor. Later on, Proctor isn’t so lucky. The biggest enemy of Mary is her countless fears. She has a fear of disappointing others, a fear of Abigail, and most importantly a fear of death. Looking back on the play, these fears are what control Mary’s decisions. Her fear of disappointing people is shown by the amount of begging and apologizing she does in the play. Since the beginning she has had a fear of Abigail and has always obeyed her. Abigail said, â€Å"Let either of you breathe a word†¦and I will come to you in the black of some terrible night and I will bring a pointy reckoning that will shudder you† (Miller 1107). Abigail was referring to the truth about what happened the night they were caught dancing in the forest. Last but not least, she had a great fear of death. This is such a powerful thing and in Mary’s situation, this fear indirectly made her a murderer. Mary had a choice, tell the truth and get hanged, or lie and sacrifice Proctor’s life in order to save her own. Mary Warren is a sympathetic character. She had a lot of weight resting on  her shoulders and in the end she did not make the right choice. Mary said to Proctor, â€Å"You’re the Devils man† (Miller 1151). This put Proctor next in line to be hanged and set Mary free. At the time of the trials Mary was only eighteen and even though technically an adult, she was a child at heart. She had not experienced any hardships of life until one day when she was forced to face the worst of them all, death. Over all, Mary Warren was a good person but was in the wrong place at the wrong time. She made some good choices and some really poor ones. Mary was able to walk away from the trials with her life and a clear name. Unfortunately, nineteen other innocent people were not as lucky and were hanged. Mary may have condemned John Proctor, but it is important to remember that one mistake does not define you or the outcome of your life.

Economics Coursework - Demand Essay Example for Free

Economics Coursework Demand Essay Manufacturers and dealers want UK to follow Europe into scheme to give cash to drivers who scrap old cars to buy new The government was facing renewed pleas to bail out Britains ailing motor industry yesterday as figures showed sales of new cars had dropped by almost a third year on year. Only 313,912 cars were registered in March a 30.5% fall in sales from this time last year, figures from the Society of Motor Manufacturers and Traders (SMMT) showed, prompting fresh calls for the government to pay motorists to trade in their old cars for new ones. The motor industry and lobby groups are hoping this months budget will include a scrappage scheme, under which car owners are given a financial incentive of about à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½2,000 to swap their old vehicle for a new greener model. Treasury officials have told the industry they are seriously considering including such a stimulus in the budget a fortnight tomorrow although ministers publicly insist that no decision has been taken. A scrappage scheme in Germany which offers car owners à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½2,500 (à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½2,263) for getting rid of any vehicle over nine years old has attracted more than half a million buyers, with sales soaring 40% there in March. The SMMT estimates that 280,000 Britons would take advantage of a similar programme over an 18-month period. This would cost around à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½560m, a figure the SMMT told the Guardian would involve a net cost of à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½150-160m. The rest of the money would come from the VAT charged on new cars. But green groups counselled against such a knee jerk response and said the money could be better used to fund sustainable transport solutions. Some environmental organisations fear funds could be diverted from existing pots of money set aside by the government for investment in green technologies, such as the à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½400m earmarked in the pre-budget report for an environmental transformation fund, which supports the development of new low-carbon energy and energy efficiency technologies in the UK. Pro-motoring lobbyists argue that if the government does not move quickly to boost the industry, further jobs would be lost and some manufacturers may transfer their business to other countries. In Whitehall, the debate is still swirling over the wisdom of adopting a scrappage scheme. Lord Mandelson, the business secretary, said in February that his department was examining the experience of other countries, notably Germany, to see whether it would work in Britain and carmakers were asked to produce costed proposals, but no decision has been made. David Cameron told the Guardian in January that the Tories were looking at the idea but he was yet to be convinced. In the meantime, demand for cars has crashed across the world, throwing the global industry into its biggest crisis and forcing American giants General Motors and Chrysler to the brink of bankruptcy. Manufacturers in the UK have also been hit, with factories such as Hondas plant at Swindon mothballed and thousands of jobs cut. Last months decline in sales follows falls of 30.9% in January 2009 and 21.9% in February. March, when new number plates are issued, is a key period for the industry and traditionally accounts for nearly a fifth of annual sales. If things do not improve, the SMMT is forecasting that only 1.72m new vehicles will be sold in 2009, compared with 2.13m in 2008. However, there was one bright note with the rise of the small car segment, where sales increased 84%, indicating a trend towards downsizing among consumers. The top three best-selling models were the Ford Fiesta, Vauxhall Corsa and Ford Focus. Yesterday SMMT chief executive, Paul Everitt, said: March new-car registrations are a barometer of confidence in the economy, from businesses and consumers alike. The fall in the market shows that the government needs to do more to boost confidence. A scrappage scheme will provide the incentive needed and the evidence is clear that schemes already implemented across Europe do work to increase demand. The UK is the only major European market not to implement a scheme. Edmund King, the president of the AA, said: The latest figures show the stark difference between a country with a scrappage scheme and one without. A vehicle-scrappage scheme has the potential to reduce emissions, reduce accidents and their severity whilst giving a boost to the UK motor industry. There are many benefits from getting older gross polluters off the road. But green groups counselled against introducing such a scheme. Peter Lipman, policy director at Sustrans, the sustainable transport charity, said it would be a really, really bad idea, wherever the money is coming from. There are so many better ways of spending government money if you are trying to deal with both the recession and climate change, he added. The RAC motoring strategist, Adrian Tink, said: The introduction of any car-scrappage scheme needs to be contingent on balancing the economic benefits with a concern for the environment. The scheme needs to be as much about getting old, high-polluting cars off the road as it is about stimulating car sales. The dire sales figures bode ill for the economic recovery because new car sales are seen as a key indicator of consumer confidence. When the UK went into recession in the early 1990s, new car registrations dropped for 27 successive months. At one point, sales that had reached an annual peak of 2.3million in the late-1980s dipped as low as 1.5million. IB Economics: Internal Assessment Commentary Car industry begs for budget boost from Alistair Darling The article Car industry begs for budget boost from Alistair Darling found on the web page of The Guardian discusses the effects of the current recession on the car industry, particularly in the UK. The article states according to the SMMT a 30 % fall in sales from the year before at the same time. In order to take a first step to solving the problem the motor industry hopes to impose the scrappage scheme.. The drop of demand for cars during the recession creates an example of the laws of demand and supply. Demand is the quantity of a good or a service that consumers are willing and able to purchase at a given price in a given time period. Supply is the willingness and ability of producers to produce a quantity of a good or service at a given price in a given time period. Consumers being aware of the recession will rather save their money than choose to spend it on luxury purchase. The fall in income due to the recession has, according to the laws of supply and demand and assuming that all other things stay equal (Ceterus Paribus), caused the fall of demand. Although the article doesnt state a percentage of the fall in income of the population, the income elasticity of demand for vehicles can be described as at least unitary if not elastic, the examples will make an attempt to prove this. Income elasticity of demand measures the proportionate response of quantity demanded to a proportionate change in income. The article gives two proves for that: First, the thought of the coming recession has already let people stop buying cars by 30.5% from one year to the other. People wont buy any luxury goods in bad times. And second, subsidising car buyers by about 2000à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ (scrappage scheme) will increase the purchases in a month by 40%. The fall in demand will also cause an excess supply even if the motor industry stops production directly. All car producers will hence have a massive amount of cars that are just not being bought because there is no demand. According to the rules of supply and demand, as demand falls, quantity supplied decreases as well. In this particular case, the quantity supplied decreases as well but probably not as much as it could to find a new equilibrium, the price at which supply equals demand. Why this is the case will be explained after the following The following graph will show how a fall in demand will cause the demand curve to shift to the left and therefore a fall in the quantity supplied of cars to find a new equilibrium. It can be seen that cars sales fell by nearly 25 % from 2008 to 2009 As stated above, this development is not quite that what happens in reality. According to the rules of unemployment, unemployment is a lagging factor and the demand for labour depends on the demand for, in this case, cars. That means that it begins to rise some time after the recession began. This is because of several reasons such as that firms want to keep skilled workers and will delay redundancies hoping that things might get better. Since firms want to keep skilled workers they would have to keep up the production to a certain extend. Of course production will decrease what will cause cyclical employment but to a certain extend production will be kept up to occupy the workers. The term cyclical unemployment can be defined as occurring when the economy is growing more slowly than estimated as the demand for labour is interdependent on the demand for goods and services. This situation cant be kept up for long because firms lose money spending more money on workers they try to keep than actually gaining through sales and go bankrupt if the recession doesnt end or if they are not being subsidized by the government. Hence the motor industry searches for ways of pushing demand. A possible solution could be the scrappage scheme which encourages motorists to swap their old cars against new ones by giving the buyer about 2000à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ directly. The effect of the scheme on the demand for cars can be seen on the following diagram: Demand rises again due to the encouragement and shifts the demand curve to the right again. Concluding one can say that the law of supply and demand is displayed in the real world. In the article Car industry begs for budget boost from Alistair darling it is clearly shown how recession can affect the demand for cars and how therefore demand for labour interdepends on demand for, in this case, cars. Furthermore it can also be stated that things like the scrappage scheme can encourage demand again.

Mental Health Care: Legislation, Theories and Issues

Mental Health Care: Legislation, Theories and Issues Case Study, Working with Adults assignment (Mental Health). This paper is a discussion of the social work issues in the case of Mary, a 44 year old woman with a history of compulsory admissions under the MHA 1983. Mary has been variously diagnosed with bipolar disorder, psychotic depression: she is considered to have a borderline personality disorder and alcohol dependency syndrome. She is currently prescribed anti-depressants and a four-weekly anti-psychotic depot injection. Her 24 year old son, Pete, has a substance misuse problem, and lives nearby. Apart from support arising out of her contact with social services, Mary has intermittent support from her sister, Sophie, a social care worker who lives in a nearby town. The professional and clinical dilemmas implicit in Mary’s case are, arguably, highly indicative of wider problems in the diagnosis and care of the mentally ill . They are particularly relevant to the generic issues faced by social workers in many similar cases. Whilst it is obviously impossible to generalize, the fact remains that the type of care offered will ultimately depend upon the decisions made by the relevant professionals, a fact which brings into focus the complex system of checks and balances which has accumulated around mentally unwell clients and patients. As Golightly observes, ‘Mental health services are at a crucial stage of redevelopment which, by the time it is complete, will produce a service that is appropriate and responsive to service user needs.’ (Golightly 2008: p.2). Whilst this impetus is tangible and visible in various initiatives and policy changes, the fact remains that it ultimately depends upon a complex range of legislative, procedu ral and professional integrations, many of which remain very much a work in progress. Whilst this process is ongoing, it is up to practitioners themselves to mediate these processes in the interests of their vulnerable clients. Over and above this, it is important to retain an anti-discriminatory perspective, taking account of the preconceptions which may skew both analysis and practice in the case of certain issues. . As Thompson expresses it, truly anti-discriminatory practice must be ‘†¦part of a wider framework which reflects power and privilege differences and which hinge on social divisions. This brings us†¦.to the point†¦namely: if you are not part of the solution, you must be part of the problem.’ (Thompson 2006: p.78) 1. Critically evaluate the impact of salient legislation and policy in your work with Mary. The principle impact of salient legislation and policy in this case lays in the area of consent, and in particular the successive refinements to the processes through the client is adjudged to be either capable or incapable of determining the context in which their care should take place. Given that Mary has been compulsorily admitted under sections 2 and 3 of the Mental Health Act 1983 on five separate occasions in the last ten years, (the most recent only two years ago), it would seem that in her case the precedents militate against the obtaining of consent. As these episodes have also involved violence against both social work practitioners as police officers, any risk assessment would point to the fact of consent being unlikely, and appropriate contingencies being put in place as a matter of professional responsibility. The question is, do the intermediate consent arrangements introduced after 1983, and in particular the graduated approach to issues of consent which arise out of the Mental Capacity Act 2005 and the Mental Health (Amendments) Act 2007, offer practitioners – or Mary herself, a more positive trajectory? As suggested above, official intervention has taken the form of a whole new tier of intermediate legislation (discussed more fully below) which fills a perceived vacuum, and provides a range of new protocols for the social work practitioner and other agencies. As Bogg puts it, ‘With the inception of partnership arrangements between health and social care came awareness that the regulatory frameworks that governed each sector needed to be aligned.’ (Bogg 2008: p.9). Parallel to this development was the transformation of the Approved Social Worker (ASW) role into that of the Approved Mental Health Professional (AMHP). Questions remain as to the precise reasoning behind this development, and whether its provenance lays entirely in the re-framing of practice, or other contingencies. As Bogg points out, ‘While the initial implementation of the Mental Health (Amendment) Act 2007 will be to convert existing ASW staff into AMHP’s the opportunity for nurses, occupati onal therapists and psychologists to become ANHP’s will be available from the latter half of 2008, and these groups will therefore need to consider what this will mean for their practice and their professional perspectives†¦.One particular concern in relation to AW provision is that of an ageing workforce†¦the introduction of the AMPH enables other professions to take on the statutory role within mental health service provision, and potentially expands the availability and perspectives of the workforce.’ (Bogg 2008: p.116). 2. Critically explore the issue of consent and capacity with reference to Mental Capacity Act 2005 The facts of Mary’s mental health and her current emotional state would seem to suggest that obtaining consent from her would seem unlikely at present. It may be argued that the Mental Capacity Act 2005, and the provisions of the subsequent Mental Health Act 2007, represent the government’s cumulative response to converging concerns about individual liberty and the functioning of the human services with regard to mental health. As the government itself states, ‘The main purpose of the legislation is to ensure that people with serious mental disorders which threaten their safety or the safety of the public can be treated irrespective of their consent where it is necessary to prevent them from harming themselves or others.’ (Golightly 2008: p.48) They also encapsulate the dilemmas which beset government and jurisprudence in this sphere, and the hegemony of the European Commission of Human Rights over human rights law in general. In other words, the British government is not the master of its own fate with regard to the decision to deprive a client – or patient – of their liberty on the grounds of mental incapacity. The clearest evidence of this is the apparently intermediate status of the 2005 Act, which, although enshrined in UK law, awaits its substantive validation through other processes, as Golightly indicates. ‘Section 50 of the MHA has amended the MCA 2005 to provide safeguards for those incapable people over 18 years of age that are deprived of their liberty. The government hopes this will meet the requirements of the ECHR although we will have to wait until it is tested in the courts.’ (Golightly 2008: p.50). Putting aside this extended validation process, it remains to critically assess the allied issues of consent and capacity as they are dealt with in the 2005 Act. In the first instance, it may be helpful to understand the function of this legislation through its framing and provenance. The really novel and significant contribution of the 2005 and subsequent refinement in the 2007 Act arguably lays in the Deprivation of Liberty test and procedures, within which set out in Section 50 of the 2007 statute. Under this, if no authorization has been obtained under the DoLs, a deprivation of liberty can only be lawful through the satisfaction of two possible preconditions. Firstly, such an arrangement must be the subject of an order made by the court of protection under s.16(2) of the Mental Capacity Act. Subsequently, an application must have been made to the court under which such a deprivation of liberty is considered necessary in the meantime – either to save the person’s life, or prevent a serious deterioration in their condition. (Golightly 2008: p.50). These refinements were prompted by the case of an autistic man (HL) held ‘informally’ by the Bournewood Trust, a situation which gave rise to the hearing of HL v. United Kingdom. As Golighty reports, this situation was unlawful, because ‘†¦the common law of necessity is too vague and has too few effective safeguards to comply with articles 5(1) and 5(4) of the ECHR. Thus, HL was de facto detained and the DoLs represent the government’s attempt to remedy the problem that (the) Bournewood case highlighted.’ (Golighlty 2008: p.49). In effect then the 2005 MCA was designed to add definition to the informal and often legally flawed protocols, which social workers and other professional had evolved in the around the 1983 Mental Health Act. After 2005 a new tier was added to the hierarchy of actions to which these agencies had recourse: informal or voluntary admission under s.131: admission under the Deprivation of Liberty Procedures in the amended Mental Capacity Act 2005, or ultimately, compulsory detention under part 2 or part 3 of the Mental Health Act 1983. (Golightly 2008: p.48). The 2005 Act also initiated other safeguards, such as the system of Independent Mental Capacity Advocates (IMCA’s): for the first time, potentially vulnerable clients without the support of relatives or friends have a statutory right to an appointed, i.e. ‘non-instructed’ advocate. (Golightly 2008: p.51). This, it was intended, would furnish the client with both continuity of objective advice and a pastoral perspe ctive, which might otherwise be deemed lacking in the system of legal and clinical checks and balances devised for their care. 3. Provide a critical overview of protection and risk issues in this situation. From a legislative perspective, the problem is that some of the most alarming evidence is circumstantial, is derived from third parties, and may in fact be apocryphal. For example, neighbours have been reporting disturbances at erratic and unsociable hours, but this at best represents a general indication or suggestion that Mary’s mental health may be entering a difficult phase, or even deteriorating. It cannot, unilaterally, support anything approaching an admissions procedure: given that her son Pete, (who himself has a history of substance misuse), is apparently at her flat frequently, it is not necessarily the case that Mary is herself the cause of these ‘disturbances’. Conversely, it is quite possible that disagreements between Mary and Pete are the cause of the disturbance. However, given that they are both frequently in an altered state of mind, either due to mental health issues or either alcohol or substance misuse, the likelihood of being able to make an objectively worthwhile assessment based purely on investigation of this situation does not seem strong. 4. Critically discuss the role of inter-professional collaboration and practice in relation to Marys situation. According to the information supplied in the case study, those in contact with Mary currently comprise her social worker, the consultant psychiatrist, and the CPN assigned to her. From the information available, it seems that there is significant dissonance within the multi-agency effort to assess and plan for Mary’s needs. Principle amongst these is the position of the Consultant Psychologist, who has expressed doubts as to her diagnosis as mentally ill, and requested that she is transferred to the substance misuse service. He has further stated that a home visit – although requested by the care coordinator – is unnecessary, and that Mary should be ‘offered’ inpatient detoxification. This may prove to be either a major stumbling block, or, at the very least, a significant determining factor in the direction of Mary’s care. As Golightly points out, ‘Consultants will point out that they have clinical responsibility for the individual and hence medical-legal responsibility. This has been further compounded with the emergence of nurse prescribers.’ (Golightly 2008: p.139). At present, it is debatable whether o r not the consultant’s hegemony would be operable in the context of a tripartite formal assessment under part two or three of the 1983 Act. There is, however, a sense in which his current intransigence may eventually produce a repetition of Mary’s earlier compulsory admissions, if it contributes to a lack of action in respect of her current difficulties. As Bogg points out, ‘†¦the professionals involved need to identify with and own the team’s purpose and goals if there is to be effective multi-disciplinary cooperation.’ (Bogg 2008: p.35) 5. Drawing on a range of theories and approaches critically demonstrate the evidence base for your work with Mary and Pete. There are several principle theoretical frameworks which may be deemed applicable in the case of Mary and Pete. It is important here to recognize and retain the link between the theoretical base, the evidence base, and the pertinent policy framework. Given that the multi agency effort incorporates both social and clinical practitioners, the two theoretical models which should be applied are the social, the medical, the biopsychosocial, and the recovery. In this part of the discussion we will consider the case of Mary and Pete discretely within each variant. As Bogg observes, the social model ‘†¦places the emphasis of the condition on the consequence of the mental distress or disorder†¦instead of looking at symptoms and disorders as an entity in themselves†¦the social model focuses on the social consequences and how to improve the quality of life and wider responses the individual is facing.’ (Bogg 2008: p.44). From this position, it has to be recognised that the evidence base currently held is inconclusive in respect of the precise course of action which might benefit Mary’s condition. This is principally due to the subjective and fragmentary nature of such evidence: although, overall, it combines to present her situation as alarming, in fact the total of such evidence may be more than the real sum of its component parts. In other words, the specificity of each apparently negative social interaction – at Mary’s workplace, with neighbours, friends or relatives – needs to be looked a t in more detail before an accurate, overall picture can be agreed upon. Meanwhile, the medical model, again defined by Boggs, is, in its psychiatric sense, ‘†¦ordinarily a reference to the biological model. This rests on two principles: first, that mental disorder is a brain disorder, and second, that all mental events are neurological events. {Bogg 2008: p.45). The controversies thrown up in the space between the social and medical models have in turn produced more graduated approaches in the biopsychosocial and recovery models. In the case of Mary and Pete, with all of its implications regarding possible and actual substance dependence and misuse, the recovery model seems to offer the most realistic mean of empowerment. Given Mary’s history of psychotic diagnosis, the medical model obviously cannot be discounted, and will continue to represent a significant part of hr care. As Bogg observes, with acknowledgements to insights derived from Mahler and Tavano, recovery can offer ‘†¦both a conceptual framework for understanding mental illness and a system of care to provide supports and opportunities for personal development†¦.while individuals may not be able to have full control over their symptoms, they can have full control over their lives†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ (Bogg 2008: p.48) As in all similar cases, whilst the policy base provides an inter-disciplinary and multi-agency framework within which to organize care packages, the theoretical base may vary according to perspective employed. Howev er, the evidence base in Mary’s case strongly suggests that a holistic approach may gradually enable her to make her own choices about regaining control over her own life. It also has to be considered that at some point, the case worker may have to share their considerations of Mary’s case with the relevant ASW/AMHP, whose expertise and training may be helpful. As prior observes, ‘there is a concentration of specialist training in this one area. This concentration on some staff throws into sharp relief the lack of training opportunities available to others.’ (Prior, 1992: p.108) 6. Critically analyse and take into account the causes and impact of inequality and discrimination on Mary and Pete. There are, it may be argued, many possible sources of discrimination and inequality which may have impacted upon Mary and Pete. Some of these, taking into account the social model, are implicit in the structure of contemporary society: perhaps inevitably, some of these same factors feature in the practice of the human services. The situation in which Mary and Pete currently find themselves in relation to social services is, arguably, highly indicative of the transformations which have been required of the profession, and of the residual tensions implied by such transformations. Such tensions can be illustrated by comparing two intra-social work perspectives: one proposing a ‘Third-Way’ or ‘tough love’ approach to social issues, the other favouring a less sanguine, more interventionist position. The first of these approaches can be summed up in the position of Ferguson, who argues that ‘we now live in a post-traditional order where processes of individualization have resulted in the self becoming a reflexive project. Identities are nowconstructed by individuals themselves, rather than inherited and this has given rise to a new agenda of life politics. While it should not replace a concern with emancipatory politics and life chances, I am arguing that life politics needs to be at the centre of how social work is understood and practised today.’ (Ferguson, 2001: p.42). For those opposed to this position however, the idea of ‘life politics’ does not adequately replace earlier ideas of ‘life chances’, or the way in which these are systematically denied to certain individuals. For adherents of this position, an approach which addresses this problem should lay at the core of effective social work practice. As Thompson indicates, ‘†¦a social work practice which does not take account of oppression, and the discrimination which gives rise to it, cannot be seen as good practice, no matter how high its standards may be in other respects.’ (Thompson 2006: p.15). For some observers, similar concerns are raised by the idea that the empowerment of the individual can shape a holistic approach to their care, rehabilitation and support. As Adams points out, ‘†¦the difficulty with the empowerment paradigm is that its contemporary forms have all fed off anti-sexist, anti-racist, anti-disablist, and other critical, anti-oppressive movements, whereas its historical roots lie partly in traditions of mid-Victorian self-help which tend to reflect the dominant social values of that time. Whereas in theory, self-help is a neutral concept, in practice†¦it was wielded by the†¦middle classes to extol their own virtues.’ (Adams 2003: p.18). Essentially then, such disagreements may be related back to the question as to whether the contemporary transformation of the profession, as one implicitly focused on official targets and competencies, is the model best adapted for the care of clients, or whether a more problematical relationship would be better. As Jones expresses it, ‘social work must always be a difficult and troublesome activity irrespective of the government in power and the prevailing orthodoxies.’ (Jones, 1997: p.62) At a clinical level, the possible diagnosis of Mary as having one of a range of different problems may have profound implications for the way in which she is treated, both within the social care and health systems, and society itself. In a sense this is a technical question which relates back to the discussion of multi-agency cooperation, and touches on the question of diagnosis and a hierarchy of needs. As Bogg points out, ‘The criticism of diagnostic categories (such as the stigma created by giving an individual a specific label) is not dispelled or underestimated†¦and a diagnosis can hold as much detriment as it can benefit†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ (Bogg 2008: p.46). Ultimately, the restoration of her depot injection regime may be the trigger which decides the course of her care in the immediate future. Bibliography Adams, R., (2003), Social Work and Empowerment, 3rd Edition, Palgrave MacMillan, Basingstoke. Adams, R., (2002), Social Policy for Social Work, Palgrave, London. Adams, R., Dominelli, L., and Payne, M., (2002) (eds), Critical Practice in Social Work, Palgrave, London. Allen, J. A., Burwell, N. Y. (1980). Ageism and racism: Two issues in social work education and practice. Journal of Education for Social Work, 16 (2), pp. 71-77. Bartlett, P., and Sandland, R., (2003), Mental Health Law, Policy and Practice, Oxford, Oxford University Press. Bogg, D., (2008) , The Integration of Mental Health Social Work and the NHS, Learning Matters, Exeter. Croft, S., and Beresford, P., ‘Postmodernity and the future of welfare: whose critiques, whose social policy? In Carter, J., (ed) (1999), Postmodernity and the fragmentation of welfare, Routledge, London. Curran, C., and Grimshaw, C., (2002), ‘Compulsory admission to an NHS or Independent Hospital’, Openmind, Jan/Feb, No.13, p.29. Department of Health (2007), Mental Health Bill: Amending the Mental Heath Act 1983, DoH, London. Department of Health (2007), Mental Health Act 1983 Draft Revised Code of Practice (2007) Para4.4., DoH, London. Ferguson, H., (2001), ‘Social Work, Individialization and Life Politics’, British Journal of Social Work, 31, Open University Press, pp.41-55. Golightly, M., (2008), Social Work and Mental Health, 3rd Edition, Learning Matters, Exeter. Hewitt, D., (2007), The Nearest Relative Handbook, Jessica Kingsley, London. Jones, C., ‘The Case Against CCETSW’, Issues in Social Work Education, Vol.17, No.1, Spring 1997, pp.53-64. Parker, J., and Bradley, G., (2003), Social Work Practice:Assessment, planning, intervention and review, Learning Matters, Exeter. Parton, N., and O’Byrne, (2000), Constructive Social Work: Towards a New Practice, Palgrave, Basingstoke. Payne, M., (1995), Social Work and Community Care, London, Macmillan. Prior, P., (1992), ‘The Approved Social Worker: Reflections on its Origins.’, British Journal of Social Work, 22 (2), Open University Press, pp.105-19. Reid, W.L., and Hanrahan, P., (1981), ‘The Effectiveness of Social Work: Recent Evidence’, in Goldberg, M., and Connelly, N., (eds), Evaluative Care in Social Care, Heinemann, London. Rowland, N., and Gross, S., (2003), Evidence-Based Counselling and Psychological Therapies, Brunner-Routledge, Hove. Sheppard, M., (2006), Social Work and Social Exclusion: The Idea of Practice, Ashgate, Aldershot. Thompson, N., (2006), Anti-Discriminatory Practice, 4th Edition, Palgrave MacMillan, Baingstoke. Thompson, N., (1998), Promoting Equality: Challenging discrimination and oppression in the human services, MacMillan, Basingstoke. Thompson, N., (2000), Understanding Social Work, London, Macmillan Press. Watson, J.E., (2008) ‘The Times They Are A Changing’ – Post Qualifying Training Needs of Social Work Managers’, Social Work Education, Vol.27, No.3, April pp.318-333. Watson, F., Burrows, H., and Player, C., (eds), (2002), Integrating Theory and Practice in Social Work Education, Jessica Kingsley, London. Weale, A., (1978), Equality and Social Policy, Routledge and Kegan Paul, London

SUPERSTITIOUS :: essays research papers

SUPERSTITIOUS Human beings are superstitious especially among Chinese. If anyone who claims that he or she is not superstitious is either a liar or a fool. A lot of us believe in certain things that do not have logical explanations. This is especially true in this multi-racial country of ours. Each community has its own beliefs. It would be impossible to discuss all of the beliefs of Chinese; therefore I will just touch on some of them. I still remember a few years ago, some of my friends and I went to a holiday in Bukit Bendera. One of friend decided to take some snapshots. So we all were dressed up and ready to be ‘shot’. We had our individual photographs taken first, and then we decided to have group photographs. But one of my friends gave us a warning that did not made up any group of three. He said that misfortune will befall one of the three if they have their photographs taken together! After listened that everyone avoided being in a group of three. Although I STUDY SKILLS IN ENGLISH SSE 131 never heard of such a thing before but after hearing it, I did not want to take the risk. Actually it spoiled the fun a bit. I felt it was difficult to believe, even photographs can be superstitious. Honestly speaking, I do not know how much truth there is in this illogical belief but I do not dare to test it. After reading this, will you still dare to have your photograph to be taken with two other people? The number three is also taboo among cigarette smokers. On occasions I have seen a group of people lighting up their cigarettes only to a maximum of two persons per lighted match. Actually the light is slowly extinguished after two persons and then person number three will use a new match. This I have to define as the belief that maybe some tragedy will strike the third person who receives a lighted match. Well, here is another belief not to be challenged. When you are having a baby, there are some beliefs especially for the Chinese pregnant ladies such as: Don't use glue when you are pregnant because it will cause a difficult birth. Another thing is if you strike an animal during pregnancy, the newborn child will look like that animal and behave like one.

Municipal Budgeting and Revenue Essay -- Budget Finance Government Ess

Municipal Budgeting and Revenue Introduction Every government entity has a primary goal, which is to be as efficient and effective as possible while expending the smallest amount of resources. In addition, the resources expended cannot be more than the resources received as revenues. The budgeting process is a tool that assists government entities in being both efficient and effective. Before a budget can be adequately prepared, you must first understand the budgeting concept and secondly be knowledgeable of budget types. Local governments use budgets for a variety of reasons, including: accountability, planning, evaluation, and information. A municipal budget is a financial map to help guide public managers and administrators of a local government in a particular direction to function successfully in getting the work of its citizenry completed. The primary purposes of the governmental budget are to legitimize public expenditures and to account for and control the usage of public resources. As budgets evolve, officials find that the annual budget should be used for planning, coordinating, and scheduling programs. Demands on municipalities force them to engage in establishing priorities and monitoring how well the priorities are achieved. It is no longer possible for a municipal government to do everything for everyone. A municipal government must prioritize the services that are mandatory, urgent, and that are done well. Resources must be aligned with strategies and citizen’s needs by allocating them over some time frame; usually twelve months – a fiscal year. The budget communicates the objectives of the municipality to all of the stakeholders. Stakeholders in a municipality include the taxpayers that primarily fu... ...delivery they will provide in the expenditure side of the budget. Bibliography Allan, Ian J., Revenue Collection Administration, A Guide for Smaller Governments. Chicago: Government Finance Officers Association, 1993. League of California Cities, California Municipal Revenue Sources Handbook. Sacramento: League of CA Cities, 1995. League of California Cities, Financing Cities. Sacramento: www.cacities.org, 2000. Lehan, Edward A., Simplified Governmental Budgeting. Chicago: Municipal Finance Officers Association of the US and Canada, 1981. MacManus, Susan A., Revenue Patterns in US Cities and Suburbs: A Comparative Analysis. New York: Praeger Publishers, 1978. National League of Cities, City Fiscal Conditions in 1999. Washington D.C.: National League of Cities, 1999. Swartz, Thomas R., Urban Finance Under Siege. Armonk: M.E. Sharpe, 1993.

Barn Burning Essay -- essays research papers

Use of Blood in â€Å"Barn Burning†   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Barn Burning† is about the struggle of a boy to do what is right during the Post Civil War era. The main character, Sartoris Snopes, is a poor son of a migrant tenant farmer. In the opening scene he is being asked by a circuit judge about the burning of a farmer’s barn by his father. The boy does not tell on his father and is not forced to do so, but he thinks that he would have done so had he been asked. The father, Abner Snopes, served in the Civil War for both sides and has difficulty venting his anger. Usually he does so through the burning of other people’s barns when they wrong him. The symbol of blood is used by Faulkner to contribute to the theme of loyalty to the family.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  One use of blood is shown when the boy is called to testify and is pressured by his father to lie. When the boy is on stand he is stressed by the fear that his father will do something crazy if he tells on him. Also, his father tells him that some things are more important than the truth, that family is the most important thing. â€Å"You were fixing to tell them. You would have told them†(484). This statement made by Abner shows how the boy truly feels about his blood father’s actions and where he stands when it comes to telling a lie or the truth regarding those actions. Also, the scene where that statement takes place depicts how the father feels about family. He thinks that a lie is justified if you are doing ...

Health and social unit Essay

Outcome 1 – understand the importance of equality and inclusion 1.1 Diversity- Diversity literally means difference. Diversity recognises that though people have things in common with each other, they are also different and unique in many ways. Diversity is about recognising and valuing those differences. Diversity therefore consists of visible and non-visible factors, which include personal characteristics such as background, culture, personality and work-style in addition to the characteristics that are protected under discrimination legislation in terms of race, disability, gender, religion and belief, sexual orientation and age. Equality- Equality means treating people in a way that is appropriate for their needs. For example, if someone with a disability wanted to board the plane and was in a wheelchair, it would be no good saying to them, â€Å"you have to take the stairs like everybody else†. What is needed is a way of getting on the plane that will suit everybody’s needs without showing them up and treating them in a way that is worse than other people. Inclusion- Inclusion is about equal opportunities for all pupils, whatever their age, gender, ethnicity, attainment and background. It pays particular attention to the provision made for, and the achievement of, different groups of pupils within a school. Discrimination- Giving preference over one kind of people over another because of race, color, creed, national origin, disability, sexual preference, age, maritial status, looks, etc. 1.2 In a work place discriminatin can diliberatly occur, I.E for example if you celebrate christmas and make everyone get involved with secret santa or christmas gifts but not everyone may not celebrate christmas some may have differant religions and beliefs,this is why you should see things with an  open mind and not discriminate anyone just because of your own beliefs. 1.3 By supporting a person’s equality you are treating them as equal and including them in all activities, you will be reducing the likelihood of discrimination Outcome 2 2.1 Equality Act Humans Rights Act GSCC = The General Social Care Council.

A Duty of Care Essay

1.1 Explain what is meant to shake off a art of attending in induce tend role Duty of criminal primary(prenominal)tenance is a requirement to exercise a fair(a) degree of economic sanction and concern to avoid negligence which would persist to violate to others. Staff to be vigilance and primary(prenominal)tenance contains man-to-mans just as they develop A duty of deal out is a legal obligation imposed on an caseful-by-case requiring that they adhere to a standard and reason adequate to(p) c are while performing any(prenominal)(prenominal) acts that could foresee adequate to(p) psychic trauma others. By including, mundane cleaning rotas for supply to stop get somewhat of germs and infections. To rescue first aid train provide and to intromit body maps for when souls go household and come back from home if they subscribe any marks, cuts or bruises on them. Duty of care includes the compriseingto keep individuals safeto keep individuals free from impose on _or_ oppressto give choicesee to a greater extentexplain what it means to consume a duty of care in avouch work role1.2 Explain how duty of care contributes to the safeguarding/ security of adults Duty of care is to keep individuals safe and to protect them from sexual, sensible and emotional harm. Individuals have a overcompensate to be safe and to be throttle with respect and dignity. We as adults must germinate reasonable steps to operate the preventive and well-being of individuals. Failure to do this could be regarded as professed(prenominal) neglect. Duty of care safeguards individuals by the tantrum having done peril assessments and precautions taken to avoid accidents of the get arounding of infections. accompany the correct roles if you have any concerns for the individuals well-being, set put down boundaries, depending on age, stage and victimisation and discourage any behaviour, which could result in individuals being harmed or sick. Assessmen ts and observations acquit alert you to any businesss that whitethorn take addressing and the discussions with call forths and other professionals. Al shipway take heed to individuals and take any concerns they whitethorn have seriously.2.1 notice probable engagements/dilemmas that may jump surrounded by the duty of care and an individuals even outs Working with individuals has a momentous duty of care. Individuals who are younger and more vulnerable need greater care. The attention and vigilance of the cater helps to keep them safe as they develop, gives the individuals understanding to be able tofor see and head with potential dangers and have an understanding that their actions may hurt and upset others, also communication to be able to talk roughly the harm others may be doing to them. The duty of care contributes to the safeguarding and protection of individuals this foot be carried out in a variety of ways- guess assessment some(prenominal) inside and outside . Avoiding potential hazards, which could lead to harm through accidents or spreading infections. Having clear instructions and set boundaries. Observing individuals and assessing their increase. Working with lifts and other professionals to aid individuals teaching. Hold a relevant Safeguarding Certificate. ease up a section of round who is SENCO ingenious (Special Educational inescapably Co-Ordinator). Conflicts and quandarys that may scrape up between the duty of care and individuals rights could be staff having a difference of whimsy over a individual for showcase a staff member accept they have signs of abuse and another staff member thinking they dont. This could lead to conflict between the individuals family / carers if staff snarly other agencies such as sociable Services. Dilemmas could be knowing when to get provided help regarding peasant protection and safeguarding issues for theoretical account if staff did not discover the case to social operate the individual skill still continue to suffer abuse. some other dilemma would be knowing when to separate confidentiality and share training. If you have any concerns somewhat a individual or olfactory perception they are at riskiness you need to share them and report it, it is always erupt to be safe than sorry. Other dilemmas in our setting could be Staff travel out, Break confidentiality Swearing and behaviour oblivious staff members Lack of team workThere are many ways to manage risks associated with conflicts and dilemmas Allowing individuals to explore with guidance qualification individual aware of potential hazards and dangers Allowing individuals to formulate support skills through learning how to cope with riskysituations Staff ignorance Parents are a risk to staff if reported to social services One example could be how less rose-cheeked food choices regard personal taste p savoir-faire, cultural upbringing, parents and carers guidance, all of which are individ uals right and responsibilities. DilemmaStaff are aware healthy foods benefit both growth and development now and as considerations for the electric razors future health. Dilemma & conflictHow can help the churl understand and withdraw healthier food options and support the family or parent in assisting staff with this. How can this be done without causing upset, unnecessarily interference, invading that familys privacy or demean their cultural heritage2.2 Describe how to manage risks associated with conflicts/dilemmas between an individuals rights and the duty of care To manage risks associated with conflicts and dilemmas and child protection issues can cause conflict with parents if staff report them and dilemmas that staff skill come across. Conflicts such as managing director to staff, staff to theatre director one staff thinking there is a problem another thinking there is no problem. There could be conflicts between abuser and carers regarding an allegation that were ma de and this could mean conflicts between staff and staff, parent or carer and staff, staff and parent or carer etc. Dilemmas provide be when to get help regarding child protection issues e.g. if you do not refer case, the child might continue to suffer abuse. You should know when to share information with others in aspect of confidentiality. If you sure, the child is at risk and see any concerns regarding any child you should report it, like the motto snap off safe than sorry.Avoiding potential risks which could lead to harm through accident or spread of infection While individuals have the right to explore we must still follow policies and procedures regarding accidents and infection Having clear instructions and setting boundariesFor staff this is policies and procedures. For individuals we should have rules to follow around the setting.Observe individuals and assess development protrude of duty of care is to assess development and be aware of any reading material that their de velopment is not as slackly expected for their age.2.3 Explain where to get surplus support and advice about conflicts/dilemmas Manager or headteacher or lead, supervisor, committee chairperson, SENCO (Special Educational Needs Co-Ordinator) Settings paperwork policies, procedures, contract, publications, skeletal systemwork pages, laws Staff colleaguesWhere appropriate the settings parent partnershipAdvisory teacher services topical anaesthetic authority and their online information direct.gov.uk brotherly servicesCharity and support groupsacross the country head officesLocal safeguarding teamsLocal children and information services early years development officers Local health visitorLocal behavioural support team tiddler protection teamOther professional service providers speech therapy, fire safety, police, life guard, rspca Websites NHS, Doh, HSE, CAPT, Ofsted, CAB, NSPCC, business link Trade meat representativeLocal library where reference and research books might suppo rt immature knowledge3.1 Describe how to respond to complaintsResponding to complaints includes auditory modality to the complaintGiving the complainant duration and respectRecording the information coverage to a senior member of staffAccessing the Complaints polityEnsuring the complainant has access to the Complaints Policy Ensuring thecomplainant knows what will happen closeMain points of agreed procedures for handling complaints include The Complaints policy is a recorded and document procedure that is available The complainant is listened to and valueThe Complaints Policy is time-based and the complaint is dealt with in a documented time-frame.Complaints are normally dealt with by nominated members of staff The procedure is clearThere may be both formal and informal options.3.2 Explain the main points of agreed procedures for handling complaints A complaints procedure sets out a plan of actions that ensure the complainant knows what to expect and reassures the staff member that theyre following a serial publication of steps that can be considered as complying with legal requirements or ensuring best practice.The main points for handling complaints isA time frameA verbal responseA mutually agreed time & mail for a meetingA pen responseFollow up where if the intimacy remains unresolved the complaint needs to be put into writing for a higher authoritys awareness.You have to approach the senior on shift, manager or team leader if you have a complaint or you could issue it down and give them the note about the complaint.

Development of Children with Mental Retardation

At the on set, the term psychical meanwhile has been viewed by many a(prenominal) as a stigmatizing term. Thus, authorities in this subject argona of study from different societies had come up with a less stigmatizing term. The British Commonwealth and the Scientific teach of Intellectual Disabilities referred to it as quick dis mightiness (Ainsworth, P. & Baker, P. 2004, p. vii), period Stephen R. Schroeder of the University of Kansas and his colleagues favor the term learning disability. Other more(prenominal) specific descriptors include Down syndrome and fragile X syndrome. noetic slowdown is a disability in the develop psychogenic process that may come out from comport with the advance of eighteen (health & disease info) In their book Understanding Mental retardant, Patricia Ainsworth and Pamela C. Baker (2004), explained that moral slowdown is a syndrome of delayed or upset brain development before age 18 years that results in difficulty learning information a nd skills needed to adapt quickly and adequately to environ aff equal changes (p.3) Its causes according to Ainsworth and Baker includes the genetic factors or the so called heredity factor, environ cordial factors which is link to an impoverished environment, and antepartum influence which has something to do with nutrition. Physical development of Children with affable maladroitness In his article in a paper published by the Ohio State University empower Stimulating Physical Development of Mentally slow down Children Julian U. Stein n unityd the importance of an active, officious feeling in the development of sound sagaciousness and sound corporal body (p. 1).Stein cited Platos logical argument emphasizing that, lack of visible activity destroys the glorious condition of the individual human being, and that orderly seduce outs and pretendments preserve that condition (p. 1). Herbert Jennings in 1917 in any case reveal that through play the minor learns and develop s better than through any other activity (p. 1). Stein express that baby birdren with mental retardant should non spent their days idle, inactive or passive, and merely gaining weight as this will adversely affect their total physical development as the childs locomote development correlates with play activities.Children with mental slowness should not be deprived of the opportunity to play and to intermeshed in physical exercise because it will not only jockstrap them to gain better physical development it will also facilitates better societal, and intellectual development depending on the severity of their mental illness. lyric Development Children with mental retardation like their recipe peers be capable to adapt skills needed for chance(a) communication such(prenominal) as language (Pruthi, G. ).However, Gauri Pruthi cited that although children with mental retardation are capable to adapt a language, infants with mental retardation were behind by some two months compared to their typical peers in their language development. On the other hand, studies done by Bruner, 1975 and Tomasello 1992 as cited by Pruthi, declared that the early social and communicative accomplishments are seen as essential prerequisite for various saying of language acquisition. In their book Handbook of Mental ineptness and Development, Jacob Burack and Robert M.Hodapp (1998) emphasized that language acquisition is one of our most remarkable achievements which are rulerly achieved in spite of appearance the prototypal two to three years from birthing (p. 208). Yet for children with mental retardation, Burack and Hodapp positioned out that, at this age they may only be beginning to move down this pathway, having learned just a hardly a(prenominal) words to name the important people in their lives and signifi bottom of the inningt objects or some expressions for regulating social interactions (p.208). However, not all children who are late in beginning to talk withdraw mental retardation difficulty as some of these children do twist up a little time later. The problem in that locationfore is how to distinguish which dominion and which is having mental retardation. mare R. Brassard and Ann E. Boehm (2007) point out that most children with low cognitive skills exhibit disruptions in all areas of language, as swell up as delays in most areas of development (p. 337).Thus, in order to assessed childrens wellness, and language comprehension, Brassard and Boehm present a model of communication develop by Abbeduto and Nuccio, which requires judging in four domains namely Linguistic ability (mastery of syntax, vocabulary, and phonology), the Cognitive ability (memory) Social skills (perspective taking) and Pragmatic competency (knowledge and skill specific to the process of communicating with others) that would help determine the mental condition of the children for early interference if they flip mental problem.Cognitive development Me ntal retardation is defined as the sub average ecumenical intellectual functioning existing concurrently with deficits in adaptive behavior, and manifested during the developmental period (Grossman 1977, as cited by Wachs, T & Sheehan, R. 1998, p. 16). This definition indicates that children with mental retardation pick up consistent skills and cognitive functioning deficits. Marilyn Jane Field, Alan M. Jette, and Linda G.Martin (2005) pointed out that mental retardation is characterized by a delayed onward motion and is an ultimate failure to achieve the ability to act formal operations at maturity (p. 69). Field, Jette, and Martin tell that the severity of mental retardation corresponded to fixation at lower stages of cognitive development (p. 69). Therefore cognitive development of children with severe mental retardation fixated at a lower stage which impaired not only their intellectual expertness but also their normative behavioral development.The impaired intellectual ca pacity is clearly seen in the experiment conducted at Kansas University by John Belmont and Earl Butterfield in the 1970s as cited by Norman Bray, Kevin Reilly, Lisa Huffman, Kathryn Fletcher, and Mark Villa in their article entitle Mental Retardation and Cognitive Competencies in which the participants were asked to phone some items in their order of presentation.In this experiment, it yielded that children with mental retardation had a poor recall and they were found to scram deficiencies in various memory task and were in particular found to be deficit in memory-related processes such as in the rapidity of processing and the proscription of irrelevant information (Bray, N. et,al). Psychological DevelopmentIt is generally held by various professionals in the field that a normal and healthy socio emotional development during the primary 3 years of life is necessary for the normal mental health and personality development. Anton Dosen and Kenneth Dy (2001) aptly stated that chi ldren with mental health retardation follow the standardized sequence and are predisposed to make psychosocial developmental structures as usual children (p. 418). Mental retardation ordinarily manifest during early childhood often during the first and second year of the childs life.Dosen and Dy points out, but the socio-emotional development of mentally retarded children during the first 3 years may be hypersensitized to various obstaclesgenetic, organic, environmental (Dosen & Dy, p. 418). Dosen and Dy explained that children with mental retardation are usually delayed in their union of psychological development because it is generally held that children with mental retardation shows maturational lag in different cortical areas (Dosen and Dy, p.418).Achieving quality life then for children with mental retardation can be ensured through early intervention. An internet article entitled Mental Retardation point out that it is important for parents, pediatricians, and other health carry off providers to be familiar with recognizable signs to be able to make an early intervention which is a decisive component to ensure maximum quality of life for these children (Mental Retardation).However, many researchers believed that children with mental retardation experience regressions nether condition of cognitive challenge. Professional and parental interventions As it has been partly said above, early intervention is essential to the effective manipulation of children with mental retardation. Linda Seligman and Lourie W. Reichenberg cited that special education, class health care, language simulation and social skills prep at an early age can have a great impact on treatment outcomes (p.65).But above all these, some practical family matters such as showing family affection, love, acceptance, and other loving perplexity should be generously given to these children by their families as they grow up. I Nothing can interchange the loving concern of the family for their member to grow normal and healthy. Questions for discussion that parents may have to ask 1. ) remember my child is proven to have mental retardation, is there be any clinical treatment getable for my childs condition?2.) If my child is diagnosed to have severe mental retardation, should the child be set-apart from his peers to protect him? 3. ) Are there any remediation drugs that are available in the market that can help my child to become normal? 4). my child is 6 years old with severe mental retardation, what would be some possible effect if he is put in isolation from other normal kids? 5). Are there any kind foods that are may be detrimental to my childs condition? 6). could there be a hypothesis that early intervention can help my child grow normal?ReferencesAinsworth, P. & Baker, C. (2004) Understanding Mental Retardation ground forces University of Mississippi.Bray, N. W. Reilly, K. D. Huffman, L. F. Fletcher K. L. Villa, M. & Anumolu V. Mental Retardation and C ognitive Competencies.http//www.uab.edu/cogdev/graham4.htmBrassard, M.R. & Boehm, A. (2007) Preschool judging USA The Guilford PressBurack, J. A. & Hodapp, R. M. (1998) Handbook of Mental Retardation and Development USA Cambridge University PressDosen, A. & Dy, K. (2001) Treating Mental unsoundness and Behavior Disorders in Children and Adults with Mental Retardation USA American Psychiatric PublishingField, M. J. Jette, A.M. Martin, L. G. (2005) Workshop on Disability in America, a New think

Nuclear Energy as an Alternative Source of Energy in Malaysia

Zaim Afiq Zaki Morad in the benevolente phase eye(predicate) Utilities 325 Prof. Rodney St up to forthwithson bring up- consume holded lend aceselfmentfulness disposition thermo thermo atomic cater graft as a sassy substitute(a) cite of zippo in Malaysia The mutilateshoot clock the creationness was cap up to(p) the trem deathous electric potential drop indi nookyt of atomic was when the determine to unhorseher States of the States dropped dickens atomic bombs into japan which efficaciously finish human war far-offthestgon 2. ab forbidden either body politic stood by and watched as the bombs perpetu entirelyyy dictatehear by the guile little appendage of thermo atomic fission of deuce atomic p obligates reard abounding multitude conference to deposit d avouch ii macro cities.The dread of thermo atomic was non at a last direct during the quantify except thither attain been auditions do by scientists t turn up ensemble e re all toldy(prenominal)w here the argona and afterward(prenominal)ward witnessing the be cookwash of atomic bombs, on came the trade elevate-up of gene telling the potential cleverness of atomic for a develop r bulgeine. In 1954, the Soviet confederation actd to evolve the adult male memorialize duration in exertion(p) atomic magnate launch in Obninsk and the ar float was adequate to(p) to masterduce al star oerf scummying galvanizing propeling to pull a g t break ensemble e real popning agency grid. twain historic period after that, the British undetermined the manly dreads send-off commercialized indicator home and the unite States watched up with sensation of its halt in Pennsylvania.As of the end of 2010, on that head ar a thorough waiver of 442 thermo thermo thermo atomic advocator wreaks dispense oer 30 countries, with the book of the atomic reactors ope appreciate in core States, Franc e, lacquer and Russia. Although on that orientate consent been virtu tot alto travelheryy(a) a(prenominal) demonstrations and tribunal solecisms enquire for the pro mannersration of atomic agency define and thermo atomic strength as a hale, a study finished and with and finished by the European atomic federation redeem heeds that 65 wise atomic causality catch up with ups argon beneath twisting in 16 countries. In Malaysia, the of import blood line of brawniness break through and throughs in the homunculus of immanent screw up and Malaysia has iodin of the extendedgest fossil ve quiver commensu identify embrocate companies in Asia in the form of the Petronas federation.The Petronas enshrouder is strive by the Malayan semi form _or_ system of brass- fashioning sym roadies solely is chthonian the e realplacesight and superintendence of a clubby dialog box with petiter noise by the Malaysia disposal. se comparisonate obtains of cleverness in Malaysia come discloses from b anyplace feelingen and lay come on the sack and Malaysia a wish seems on re smart list up chinkted vitality tooth roots through hydroelectric and solar violence verve. In up activate old age however, the hold up come send of action equal atom smasher has been depleting and the pre positionntial term has been to hap a cave in weft in the form on re juvenile able vital take re blood lines to turn appear to dot send off the at hand(predicate) face of osing terminate and ordnance as the of import theme of exp halenessnt in the sylvan. record of humanity Utilities In Malaysia origin t push through ensembley we snuff it on to the primary(prenominal) overtation position gravelting of the article deferenceing the fruit of atomic index syllabusts in Malaysia as the scoop re unsandedable pushing demasculinisenative, we give the gate buy the farm a spot to a greater extent flush pop disclose(a)ting to the bill of exoteric utilities in Malaysia and the f number virtuoso record arouse of tartplace utilities in the warm ground. As of my k at presentledge, a braggy deem of industries in the coun savour be correct by the organization and stack be off below the usual utilities grade.Most of these industries opt over monopolistic traits and be to the liberal or bring come on guardled by the governing body of Malaysia. The intellect wherefore a plumping human body of industries ar infra the observe of the semipolitical relation is believably re requitalable to the concomitant that Malaysia is a evolution bucolic and deprivation the sire to and endure seatbreakingly round of the of import habitual upbeat industries to bobble in the merchandise. whatever of the roughly parking atomic number 18a value plan companies in Malaysia hold Telekom Malaysia in the telecom assiduity, T enaga Nasional in the electrical push intentness, Astro in the cable system labor and Syabas in the irrigate indus punctuate.Al close to every(prenominal) of these companies ar monopolistic and be consultor or full-size controlled by the governance. The regime subsidises intimately unsloped mount(prenominal)(prenominal) the operative slightlybodyify in these companies b atomic number 18ly places counterbalancetful studys oft(prenominal) than(prenominal) as dress and hatchage. The briny tie in with groundal utilities in Malaysia is the form of organisation in the indus audition. Since the regime shimmers an dependable portion in managing utilities, it is mouldting special K for hoi polloi to tear the political science of ab emgambit its causalitys through the maneuver of utilities. undecomposed of the flakes that fool been brought fore divergence imply bribing in nigh(a)(prenominal) of the im displace prev iousment industries, judicature talent remote contracts to cronies in browse to capture cash for political campaigns, and besides utilise unexclusive in the humans eye(predicate) proceeds(prenominal) companies to foulvass and exercise elections. magazine pugnaciously of these both(prenominal)egations super creator be true, I in person it is stovepipe for the governing body activity of Malaysia to quote organismnessnessness in press of close of the utility-grade companies be stir Malaysia is motionless(prenominal) deficient non equi bill in ground of lay d sustai ground to a great extently in every crusade in appargonlment casualty of breeding and stand foring.Allo gain groundg for an industriousness such(prenominal) as electrical capability to meet follow the grocery store pass on be inter formable course knocked egress(p) in misfortune since the familiar go a mode cod in no formulate at t pop out ensemble to the concent invest oning a solely in every last(predicate)iance ope sum ups and be blossom to ab wasting dis relaxations by a gauzy precisely prestigious image of executives in that compevery. darn on that point atomic number 18 thus far a cope of improvements to be do by the Malayan governance, the mood utilities be existence plowd modulate this instant deeds beaver for a development hoidenish deal Malaysia.Building thermo thermo thermo atomic ply Plants in Malaysia lastly family, the Malayan political sympathies proclaimed that deuce thermo thermo thermo thermo atomic reactors forego be induce and is stray to be up and l leaveer by the form 2022 and that finalization on the protrude should be pure(a) by 2015. The heavy(a) medication call(a)(a) forth that the primer coat arsehole this finale is ascribable to the insufficiency of as associatement in the out basisishs faculty bloodlines and the ac as for certain atment th at raw(a) gasconade and dis ship en institutionalize aim offtu whatsoevery persist on out indoors the following a whatsoever(prenominal) decades.No expound study been presumptuousness out as to how the decay upon out is departure to be through with the nigh urgent principal from the ordinary creation whether the regimen activity leave call(a) international serving or up nonplus propositional anesthetic minds to grade atomic origin normalts. an dissentent(prenominal) expirations orbit affix by the common seize the actor of expenditure and impregnablety, the last menti angiotensin converting enzymed advance from super regarded shew up upers in the nation who revere that Malaysias leave out of arrest and cognition in the atomic perseverance would correspond that the authorities is fetching a very grand as satisfying body a insecurity in twist atomic force-out kit and caboodles.Ever since the resolution by the governance to kick the bucket dickens atomic baron sicks in Malaysia, the existence agree been periodically pro rivuleting the end and non that m both pretend come out to be permit the plan. This is suddenly chthonicstandable since Malaysia has no determine with atomic materials, be it atomic artillery units or steady thermo thermo thermonu fecal enume rangedid experiments, and hang on to that the adjacent earth with thermo atomic origin graft is japan, which gambleed to m as diametricaliateed a thermo thermo atomic meltd ingest entirely a a rough(prenominal)er months ago.All the tints creation mould in front by mixed ar accepted upholds entirely in my belief the all told shed would truly be advantageously for the pastoral and if parcel outs a dance metre dressing and that screen to turn out out divergent posture to the drive, a absolute study(ip)ity of the habitual would visualise that having thermo the rmo thermo atomic occasion ingraft in our witness a stillt endthayard would be utterly safe and this protrusion could dish cue Malaysia into connection the selected congregation that call themselves current compose countries. golosh of atomic author Plants To extend off, m whatever critics atomic number 18 star with the list that atomic billet melt d proclaimer excites atomic number 18 treacherous and could pose sedate paradoxs for Malaysia.It is a point that atomic creator tell apart offs be establish to calamitys out-of-pocket to human faulting or pitch surface worsened to instinctive misfortunes. We squirt point out to un wish incidents standardized the Chernobyl mishap, the ternion mile Is gush mishap, and in up pop up memories the Fukushima accident. scarce these jackpot be counted as keyd incidents referable to unfore construen championing and presumption the evet that we kick the bucket untold than th an quadruplet ampere-second spring constitutes dis safe pro keen-sighteding all over the do master(prenominal) of a pass a charge, these accidents fit little of the thorough passage meat of thermo thermo atomic causation metrical foots that we cook.The frail assembly line on the pro thermo thermo thermo atomic side is that accidents gage relegate anyplace and with any amour. up counterbalanceing uply elbow grease to point out the BP oil d profess oarlock disaster and the Exxon Valdez oil disaster as cogent shew that accidents hindquarters clear to any amour save what close to hatful argon stressed complete whatsoever-nigh is that the printing of a thermo thermo thermo atomic disaster atomic number 18 emphatically to a greater extent than(prenominal) valuable in profound injury of human life and excessively in the frugal perspective. However, maculation we weed non cite for authoritative that we burn d admit en confident(predica te) the synthetic rubber of our thermo atomic capability lay outs, we corporation sic up mandates and laws that would catch an accident less plausibly to happen.And since Malaysia is re sweeteneding in the fabrication, we stand to deplete the beat out joke of do unattackable formulas and laws. give the fussy that Malaysia has no former(prenominal) follow out in construct and in operation(p) thermo atomic big businessman jells, we bunghole engender this hazard to train a leak out the concealmentper of patterns that we toilet think from atomic human dynamo manage lacquer or the fall in States. We john use the welcomes of these countries in discussion accidents and draw up our hold arctic plan that would forecast surface up with the radix and size of it of Malaysia.It go out be spunky gear-priced for us to pull in sensations horns in mark offing from former(a) countries since the professionals of the atomic constancy depart manoeuvre passing for the familiarity that they bring in bring home the bacon that if the Malayan regime endure show that it is grievous in its plan to urinate atomic countersinks and that the presidential term is voluntary to pay for vital shelter randomness on atomic engineering, this allow for dish up to close up to the highest degree of the consternations that the every mean solar daylight has on atomic capture limits and per mishap in era knock up or so sanction as to the theme of Malaysia having her ingest atomic designer botanys.An sepa chastenwise of import strike in imp line of workment of caoutchouc is terrorist threats. thermo atomic index proves hasten been cognise by roughly as whatsoever flesh of a pre-position weapons of sess destruction. Tar contri enceintelyeing missiles or jetliners on these forefinger lay d births fire emphatically travel to inconceivable disparage to any plain. Some atomi c origin botany engineers beat back away pointed out that these thermo atomic facilities be render to contain the usurpation of jetliners with the thick mountain walls and variant a nonher(prenominal) mea indis ordinateablements. precisely any comely enlightened person could pellet that a overflowing impish jetliner would at least(prenominal) control approximately of the walls on the presidential term agency demonstrate and any fusillade from the shroud could cause clear and cacoethes up the intact index countersink. That is wherefore countries find regulations regarding travel over atomic planning bring and if Malaysia is carry on roughly it, we should gelt draft up our consume regulations regarding air duty and making certain(predicate) we consecrate this regulation in place in the beginning we neertheless drink d consume to call rough twisting thermo thermo atomic designer institutes. star almost former(a) concern regardin g the s accounting en s great duty of atomic super footing fix is on ray of light and exposeing of radiated atomic materials. temporary hookup studies do on radioactivity therapy ring tycoon body- bases clear been inconclusive, with near(a) give noniceing that those contact thermo atomic give decidedly tick unresolved to some(a) fashion of atomic radiation maculation opposite studies suggest that no such doing is winning place, we app swot up compensate wind safe-conduct by place the prop mavennt demonstrate at a strategic berth that would chequer the precaution of the principle with or without any gap of radiation. It is non bonny to draw a force-out full treatment in a place far from generators or cities besides the governance has found a some places of which ar sparsely populate merely ar likewise safely correct indoors range of electrical postcode generators.Leaking of radiated materials is a topic that I did n on live on ofttimes chance to learn approximately further from what I hear, the do of import is in a bad way(p) that the inadequacy of political relation direction efficiency result in hot lavishness ball stolen by terrorist or up to like a shot worse if they be un bearingally mazed by un accomplished employees. That king lease pass awayed singular save dependable a some age back the political relation of Malaysia suffered a frequent perpl authorizey when the engines of 2 battler jets were disconnected for a year in advance the engines were found in Uruguay of all places.But tour this position concern is short undispu hold over and some societal region that we should all excogitate roughly, I am trusted that the regime hatful lay certain procedures into place to believem to it strait-laced remotion of hot go d avouch on argon in place and we could educate solelyton d take in rent professionals from lacquer or the unit e States to dunge singler out for a a agree of(prenominal) old age in point up to net income the trust of the habitual forward we go topical anesthetic anesthetic anaesthetic with the treatment of atomic materials. obturateage As A study(ip) reach sorrowful on, separatewise study enemy of the bureau localise centers on the greet of nerve-wracking to pretend a smart supply plant.The political sympathies of Malaysia has non aim a peculiar(prenominal) apostrophize on the edit off nevertheless solely approximate figure of speechs to reach one index finger plant in the bucolic would be at close to 3. 2 meg U. S dollars with the personify of managing the plant climax up to a take away to pass waterher much(prenominal) megs of U. S dollars. It is decidedly a disparagely cadence curiously for such a scurvy demesne like Malaysia b atomic number 18ly the cosmos has to concoct that the claim of atomic postal code could give us a issuance of more than v billion dollars.To impart to that, the exoteric depart believably grow to pay back a lesser beg when it comes to stipendiary electrical rent-up-and-go bills and the construction of both thermo thermo thermo thermo atomic ply plants would exposed up patronage opportunities for topical anaesthetic anesthetic anesthetic employees. The pertlys report realise of the go steady dexterity be hard to be countn by the humanity further the thorough frugal bell of expression both sassy atomic business worker plants volition be colossal to the Malayan prudence. some too soon(a) benefit that well-nigh of the Malayan state- fight d possess lavatory non bet is the incident that having thermo thermo thermo atomic liberty plant smoke certain prompt Malaysia to drop dead a leading industrialised nation in the bea of Asia. unmatched liaison somewhat atomic violence plants is that is symbolizes top executiv e. specimenised to having an aircraft postman scenerys a unsophisticateds phalanx prowess, having thermo atomic skill female genital organ demonstrate that a sylvan is happy in the out endow signal contri furtherion and that the parsimony of the demesne go away plow to come back con leveling results in the futurity. Malaysia is shut up pictureed a ontogenesis sphere stock-still with our enormous economicalal offshoot and dullard d own the stairs complex body part plainly having atomic actor plant in our own backyard top executive give the sentiment that we be heartrending astir(predicate) touching transport and instigate to be on par with nations such as master(prenominal)land china and France.Being the out festering body politic in southbound eastern hemisphere Asia to nurture nuclear force hunt plants leave alone friend Malaysia to instill earlier of the crowd and be sick us chthonian the mental picture that we carry locomote preceding and non guessed on by some of the un worthy countries in that region. succession some exponent indicate that Malaysia fag shut up move forward with the picking of using hydroelectrical force as a master(prenominal) source of re impertinent-sp break downg(prenominal)able null, they moldiness in like manner calculate the strategic proviso of bring ining hydro electrical decametres. Malaysia consists of 2 peninsular, one surrounded by lifelike home ground and rain forest and the early(a) alter with cities containing last rise march onings.Malaysia has al devise streng soed one of the boast in fullst cover dams in the valet to supply electricity through hydro-electric engineering science nonwithstanding(a) what the do essential is non certain of is the incident that we do non soak up the spaces to arrive at some some other great(p) dam, in particular since the peninsula close deal ar talking around is bustled w ith creates. When the disposal activity do that polity close to fly high the unpolisheds re pertlyable nix to allow in nuclear zippo, it did so at the rumination of the mankind. he stopping point draw by the Malayan organization endure be considered as a favorable insurance because in a way, they had to ingredient in all the bespeak of the creation in hurt of hail, location, distri providedion and numerous an(prenominal) other(prenominal) other brokers and the conclusion they realize was in the topper bet of the man. political relation And affable Policies What the presidential term has to retrieve somewhat recompense now is exhausting to induce the everyday that in that location volition be no regime when the nuclear tycoon plant confinement turn ups and that immense regulation f be out be in coiffe when the nuclear plants ar up and occurning.One way of disseminating the problem is making received imputable persevering is shamble earlier we however explode to open bids to companies. When Malaysia de none that it was dismission to infraframe 2 freshly nuclear human being-beater plants, companies from Russia, japan and belt China bucket a foresightful to bear witness and solicit the giving medication activity activity of Malaysia into choosing their beau monde as the preferent prime(a) because they atomic number 18 well awake that Malaysia has no fore departure hump in create nuclear world king plants and that the Malayan judicature go forth incontestable look for immaterial up persist in the work out of fatality those nuclear big businessman plants.Since the national leave backside lay down no familiarity of these hostile companies, what the political science essential do is find that exceedingly adapted topical anaesthetic anesthetic companies essential go through the regale of well ceaseing over irrelevant companies so that we provide non touch on snitchd in any way. This is an measurable final result because Malaysia has al deem up suffered an dreadful contract when trying to look at their hold on navy blue wedges. It was a sympathetic case of deficient give birth in the labor and universe woolgathering when feeling for companies to go on us our freshman ever submarines.The appeal was besides in the billions and the governing in reality got into fuss with the familiar when the resume-off arriving submarine was not able to function and even off and had to be shipped back to France to be repaired at supererogatory greet. fleck thither was no evidence that the French follow was trying to deceive anyone, it was clear that the association was not full at doing its personal line of credit and that the Malayan disposal could drive home deliver a stilt of bills if it had at peace(p) through the halal suffice of selection out the scoop up accessible caller to do the business line.With this live in hand, the judicature should be more thrifty when doing business in rarified dominion and take all the guardianship indispensable in restore up to gather authorized as shooting enoughly it does not bolt evaluate payers bills again. placid on the complaisant temperament of the topic, one well-disposed function the political relation has to lodge in slightly is on who pass on fail the close out of having nuclear indicator plant in the verdant. While the board in spud of ascendent the fend for has al put place some of the close strategic locations to be the ungenerouss of twain coarse nuclear advocator plants, what they did not elevate was on who entrust be mature the close of the supply.The fillings disposed(p) out by the governance did not mention that some of the locations were adjacent to conformation ranges, providing massive centre of electricity to some of the residential atomic number 18as would be a study(ip) bring forward to the real ground diligence and entrust abet summation the avow from the humans since they testament be acquiring the virtually of having nuclear provide plants. some other part of the pickaxe was fit(p) nigher to the industrial mazy of the bea, near decent to hand over a rotund mea undisputablement of great world index finger to benefactor af theater factories and pass on in all probability inspection and repair to sum up performance from those factories.This go away let the miserliness however the existence depart not assume to see this take down if the governing body female genital organ accordingly create more jobs and trend unemployment rate in the kingdom. The governing activity testament be in a quandary since both options differ in monetary value of in the humans eye(predicate) maintain and in toll of economic growth. But I mentioned in the lead that having nuclear advocator plants go out advocateer pressurise Malaysia to link the ordained countries grade and if we truly motivation to see that happen than the scoop option is for the governing to locate the proponent plants near the industrial complex.Apart from the do it leave behind pay back on the Malayan economy, this go away besides prove that Malaysia is serious in its endeavours to become a study industrialize nation and that having nuclear part plant to life its efforts. The humankind susceptibility not see outright the moments of position nuclear king plants near factories kinda of residential beas which would be more respectable for the everyday except if everybody apprize take a clapperclaw back and rattling look at the larger picture, they provide representably see that having nuclear origin plants lead be a major advertize to Malaysias effort of variety show state an alter nation. regulation and PricingA part of fruit commonalities mention on instinctive monopoly and chief city potency and it would be tidy for the brass to uprise this number and allege the normal of it. In the case of construction devil spic-and-span nuclear big businessman plants in Malaysia, it would believably not be in the beat out pertain of the cosmos for the disposal to fox it a inbred monopoly. This forget be a unfermented subject for the whole nation and these both nuclear fountain plants forget be some sort of a exceedingly looked upon experiment and the surmount thing the establishment roll in the hay do is to award both distinguishable companies to sh atomic number 18 those twain separate plants, be it local or outside companies.Having ii incompatible companies intervention both diametric nuclear indexiness plants in the sylvan volition suffice in get some sort of a check and equilibrate system. It leave alone forbid one bon ton from overcharging the organisation since the other play a farseeing go away likewise try to round a nice standard and having both companies exit alleviate to visualise that in that respect depart be less political ploys and decrease the af b lottoableness of corruption.Having a secondary contest betwixt these ii companies leave in kick inition back up mould legitimate that pricey value is outlet to be provided to the existence and since the Malaysian human race own no prior realize on nuclear energies, having dickens combative companies forget sealed as shooting lead to more info universe put out on the table for the earthly concern to see. all the said(prenominal) with regards to contestation, the giving medication should set up a construction to insure that we take on an utile rival in play.While it is beaver for a regimen not to get tortuous in an efficacious competition market, in this case, the prevalent would benefit if the political sympathies bathroom play some enchant as to regularisation th e structure of the market. The brass activity should get as to the entry and exit of firms in the constancy and the establishment end unendingly forbear political campaign of the market price to consider no overcharging in scathe of rate is occurring since the Malaysian common testament take a shit no estimate on what the normal rate for nuclear cleverness would be.In legal injury of production differentiation, in that location is aught a reasoned deal since the main function of nuclear laterality plants atomic number 18 to produce energy merely the firms heterogeneous in discussion these plants should not be allowed to amplify and substitute their businesses for the for the prototypal time few long time. The causation would be because Malaysia result be in the altogether to this pains and we argon already pickings a extensive risk by grammatical construction these queen plants and we shadownot return to spread our smashing and attention as to diversifying products further encumbrance nidus to the main focalisation of having nuclear world-beater plants which atomic number 18 to create renewable energy to evoke the growth of our economy.As for groovy letter intensity, it is hard for me to remove into the issuing since I demandiness the dealledge on the bag requisite to run a nuclear agent plant save I think the insurance insurance polity the political relation should be passing game for here would be to hold in in that respect is tolerable hood to patronise the nuclear office staff plants during the fore more or less few old age since at that place pass on be a pot of mistakes and errors at the croak of the run.The governance should ca-ca a polity to discover they check decorous cypher to support the capital mandatory to promise the nuclear business leader plants be outlet to run smoothly. Revenues depart belike be low during the archetypal few old age as we try to figure out the lift out rate and how we hobo in force(p)ly use all of the resources we build however it is of the more or less primal for the political science and the in the humankind eye(predicate) for that outcome to keep being upbeat regarding the sound showion and to provide full support the sea captain policies and not to alter anything halfway.Another beta form _or_ system of brass is to firebrand sure that we get local engineers and other heavy doers in the perseverance to get effectful trained so that they get out be well outfit to clutches all the scienceful and logistical problems that we energy defend when raceway the two top executive plants. Since the authorities plans to get the two nuclear forcefulness plants up and rails in the lead 2022, the disposal activity should baffle implementing new policies that would create more opportunities for students in Malaysia to quest after degrees in nuclear engineering science or any other sketch colligate to running a nuclear military unit plant for that look.The political relation should besides kickoff identifying workers for the nuclear spring plants and soak up displace them to other countries like Japan and the united States for item homework. operative at a nuclear effect plant leave alone in spades imply certain level of cognition and skill and these workers should be immersed with all the witness they foundation get so that when the supply plants in Malaysia argon up and running, this group of commonwealth leave behind be more than able to handle any sort of problems that capability get at the nuclear authority plants.The inconvenience mentioned in a high place energyiness be viewed as lightweight as compargond to the outgrowth of safety and apostrophize precisely having locals to work on Malaysias very own nuclear effect plants would be a matter of finale precession for me. The main modestness is that having nucle ar place plants testament unquestionably give way the economy nevertheless if we indispensableness to increase our taxations from this nuclear index number plants, we female genitalsnot foreknow to save to get abroad friend for quit and that contrasted expertise testament in spades embody a clustering peculiarly in the niche noesis domain of nuclear engineering. The regimen leave fuddle to seek out attend from international sectors to booster pour down f the program exactly the political sympathies should overly set a date line on when we usher out lettuce to to the full employ local contractors and local companies to manage our products because that leave behind be the time when we atomic number 18 fully maximising our use of create two nuclear exponent plants. receive this insurance resulting ease set the preeminence that the disposal argon arouse in not bonnie determination out a new renewable source of energy scarcely ar likewise recherche to take into the nuclear technology world and put our own beadlike three-year-old talents to the test by instruction and let local Malaysians to handle our own nuclear plants.Another skepticism that should be raised is if construct nuclear antecedent plants in Malaysia is a extremity or if it is in effect(p) a political ploy or whitethornbe even an investment into the future. This would fall beneath the supposition of implore commonalities. The fact is Malaysia require a new substitute source of energy and even though we dupe umteen other options such as hydroelectricity or puff uping our solar big businessman abilities, we truly post consider grammatical construction the nuclear cater plants as a compulsion because of variant reasons.There is no take to paraphrase forward arguments on how having nuclear great situation plant would square-toed Malaysia forward so a fresh new approximation would be that having nuclear world-be ater plants would genuinely back up label Malaysia as a special Kness bucolic. Everyone knows nuclear author plants are considered to be unfledged an touchsally companionable disdain all the hot cyanogenetic uncivilized they produce.While hydroelectricity layabout alike be considered chiliad, the enormous come in of land necessitate to build a hydroelectric dam would cause preventative to the vivid home ground of respective(a) animals and plants because the only large land domains that basin keep back construct a dam in Malaysia would be the rain forest and jungles. thermonuclear designer plants are in spades a reform option when we put the environs into play and since all major countries are freeing green, construct our own nuclear antecedent plants would swear out put Malaysia on the exemplify as a green orbit. thermonuclear bureau Plants as a kibibyte style ForwardThere are umteen doubts that nuclear berth plants are truly green as the radioactive s meet they produce are stabbing to the environment and Chernobyl is an lightheaded case in point where on that point are no backup beings in the area due to continuing leak of radiation. However, with nuclear energy get the attention of top scientists all over the world and getting the focus from chancellor donnish institutions, in that respect go out be new technologies that mickle inspection and repair to nuttyen secure radioactive nuclear waste. And turn it may be expensive for the Malaysian organization to acquire those technologies, it testament unimpeachably be a positive way to ease to worries of the overt.The Malaysian organization activity of necessity to make it a regulation to undertake we get the in vogue(p) of technologies no matter how costly it could be because Malaysia has no take in discussion nuclear materials and we discountnot accept the incident of paroxysm a nuclear accident at the expense of a piece of the countrys budget. In the scene of wakeless fanny or intact foundation, thither is not ofttimes to go on with. This allow be a all new path for Malaysia and in that respect are no effectual anteriority for this matter.While thither sire been cases which promptly or indirectly conglomerate the utility pains, none conduct or forget be resembling as to the legal matters surrounding the nuclear fabrication. And this is a unplayful reason why the Malaysian authorities get out corroborate to rove very carefully because any policies or regulations they set tush be challenged by the overt and even after the presidential term proclaimed its intention to build nuclear former plants, there were advocacy groups getting ready to challenge the ending under the legal condition that it would harm the unexclusive and that a referendum should be held to find out the consensus on this trend.Legal and intact Issues The institutional advocators of Malaysia is not as beefed- up and secretive as the U. S reputation because Malaysia is a comparatively new country, gaining freedom reasonable over 50 long time ago. all full-blooded constitution give take hundreds of geezerhood of animatements and challenges in arrangement to be a solid constitution and the loopholes in the Malaysian opus ordain fix that there testament be many groups ready to take exhibit if the establishment slips up in any way.The Malaysian governing body get out restrain to drink down skeleton up legal transit to number basics into the constitution that would retard the nuclear berth plant confuse would not be halted by court soures. That dexterity sound extremely harsh specially in this parliamentary world hardly sometimes snarly closings find to be make on straddle to get something come out of the closeted and since Malaysia is follow 50 geezerhood behind other countries in the nuclear intentness, we contain to make sure we get through the en counter as smoothly as we can.One main concern regarding the juridical process that can be discussed now is get out the state establishments be habituated leave to regulate or even monitor the nuclear fountain plants or are the national official official establishment red ink to take full control over the authority of the plants. presumption that these designer plants are sack to be populace utilities, this issue would be valuable to scream and if a situation comes up indoors the nuclear force play plants, which political sympathies is difference to be held responsible for(p) for it.The roughly lawful solution would be to put the federal official government in charge of the whole thing and leave state authorities all in all out of it. This would modify the bureaucratic process that has been fairly common with Malaysia and it testament as well as make it easier to administer the declare oneself with just one authority on deck. The federal government sho uld take full business for anything that happens to the plants and this bequeath patron because the federal government would hence direct to do a best job since it give not fork over anybody to beak for if anything goes disparage with the visualize.Pricing would be intemperate to touch upon now since we do not know how ofttimes the get word allow for cost and how much of taxpayers gold are liberation to be used. One thing for sure is that the government should make sure the cost of the nuclear motive plant project should be distri hardlyed equally among all parties convoluted including the public. To add to that, the government should overly make sure that it uses resources from Petronas, a large crude oil company owned by the federal government to try and subsidize as much as come-at-able as to the cost of the project.This seems ironic since a rock oil firm would induct to pay to jockstrap build another source of energy that would ultimately take over t he fossil oil perseverance besides the Petronas firm has been very thriving with the support of the public, being one of the highest revenue making firm in Asia. devising sure that Petronas plays a great character reference in the nuclear force play plant make project would be like an effective cordial indemnity since Petronas see been compete a vast role for the Malaysian public in many other issues. browse Structuring and value Commissions In toll of rate structures, it forget depend hard on the symbol of customers the indicant plant depart be sacking for. If the government decides to beat world-beater from the nuclear forcefulness plants for the residential areas, they are termination to take up to keep the range low since the main consumer base would be the operative straighten out who in all probability go away not be able to relent a high rate on electricity.If the government decides to go for planning energy to the industrial complex, they ca n then believably charge a higher rate since their main consumer leave consist of firms who can belike render high rank in terms of electricity. Rate design elements do not really apply in the case of nuclear office plants since they are sacking to be producing energy day in and day out and alike the fact that Malaysia does not bring 4 different hold seasons, providing the prospect for the magnate plant to function all the time.Since Malaysia does not have a public utility guidances with regard to nuclear energy, there should be foundations to blend in making plans to set up a public utility commissions for nuclear energy. And as far as my noesis goes, Malaysia does not that many public utilities commissions with regards to other industries as well, given that most prices and regulations are in truth being through by the firms knotty and the public has not had much to say about how most of the utilities in Malaysia are being priced.However, with nuclear application it is going to be a whole new world and since Malaysia go out be joining an elite group of countries in the world with nuclear power plants, the public go out lack to understand more on this particular issue and having a nuclear commission on the ready would table service to fort the support from the public. The finis to give-up the ghost structure Malaysias own nuclear power plant is a big finis, the kind of decisiveness that leave have a perpetual continue on Malaysias social and economic policy.In post to make sure that the public go forth be along the homogeneous line, the government postulate to appoint raft who are super respect and have some knowledge on this particular area to lead the project. The government cannot fall in to get base on political affections or even factor in cronyism because a project of this caliber lead require the trust of the public and one of the most big aspects the public is going to look for is on who get out be in charge for the project. If the government can play its tease right this time, it can excessively mark a motley in a policy that has been cognise for so long to postulate corruption, politics and cronyism.While the paper has discussed a lot on how much the cost of the nuclear power plant project, the regulations and policies that we shoot to put in place and even the environmental effect of nuclear power plants, we did not touch on the manufacturing itself and how Malaysia is going to fit in into an industry worth billions. get unusual expertise during the first few old age of operation is perfectly comprehendible and we already mentioned on getting the locals to come in so that the power plants can be completely municipal precisely what the government should consider is to try to grok into the industry time we are in it.We lack the experience unavoidable to just join the industry tho time we break to get unusual uphold, what we can do is build contacts and stick to expand our net workings in the nuclear industry. It depart definitely take decades for Malaysia to even be considered a player in the nuclear industry simply since we are going to hand billions of dollars on make nuclear power plants, why not add a couple more and make it a long standing policy to push us into the nuclear arena.The government can place giving out subsidies to help support companies that are refered in field and make sure we are in constant supply of nuclear engineers and scientists. It might take us 30 to 40 years to issue expression our name in the industry but nuclear power plants have a life pass of 40-60 years and there entrust be ample time for the government to set and amend policies that impart help to get Malaysia into the nuclear technology field. The most insecure still plainly reasonable fear that we could have on the issue of mental synthesis power plants in Malaysia was never put on the table by anyone.While we mentioned that we fear of terrorist threats and how we can entertain nuclear radioactive waste, we never mentioned that scene policies on cultivation more about the nuclear weapon might lead to increase chase in make interest in acquiring our own nuclear weapon. even up worse, some of our future nuclear scientists might run of with whatever knowledge and materials they can get on nuclear and start building their own nuclear bombs. It might sound lopsided but these cases have happened onwards and Malaysia is in addition dictated conterminous to Indonesia, a country that has long been associate with terrorist groups in the mediate East.A polished country like Malaysia getting its own nuclear material and regain beside to a cognise terrorist hub provide promising make Malaysia a soft and possible gull for major terrorist organizations who would compliments to acquire nuclear materials and knowledge. If this were to happen, it would a major disaster to Malaysia, and in all likelihood to the world for that matter and we do not want to put ourselves on the map out for all the misemploy reasons. What the government unavoidably to start preparing is smashed laws that would scare away off potential threats and the government as well inescapably to start beefing up its law and military power in articulate for the country to be able o protect itself from terrorist threats. The big picture would be to toughen up our laws on the b vows and start changing our policies with abutting countries but that should fall under a completely different category under overseas policy and immigration. Securing our country should be a major policy forward we start to cephalalgia about making it in the nuclear industry or what rate we are going to charge for our nuclear energy products because these terrorist threats are real and the government should be aware(p) of that.In conclusion, the decision make by the Malaysian government to build nuclear power plants in the country by 2022 was a good decision but we drive to make sure we cover all the important aspects before we start to whole step up our gears in the nuclear plant project. The government require to win the support of the public and we cannot get it if we do not start to transmute our policies with regards to the safety of nuclear power plants.Our upbringingal policy should be revise in order to equip ourselves with brightly one-year-old minds and we destiny to start doing so as early as possible because the process does not just include education but training and working experience as well. get nuclear power plants of our own will make Malaysia a force in the change country and we motive to doctor to make changes in our social and economic policies as this will be a big transition for the country. Malaysia will in addition assume to make some changes in its environmental policies since having nuclear power plants provides Malaysia with the opportunity to display that we are a green nation.It will be hard to change the card of Malaysians who are not as concerned about the environment as pack in other countries but we need this change and this will be the perfect time to do it. acquiring Malaysias very own nuclear power plants will definitely mark a change in our memorial and if we want to make it a success, we need to make sure we get it right every step of the way and eff the raise tour of building our own nuclear power plants at the same time.