Consumer behavior Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 4

Consumer behavior - Essay Example A manager has to come up with a strategy that will ensure that the sales promotion efforts put in place are profitable and achieving the set goals by the company. In the case of the first problem of increasing the sales volume of the company, a manger should make an analysis of the previous sales levels before the sales promotions and the new sales volume achieved after the sales promotion strategies. The aim of sales promotion is to increase the sales volume. Therefore, if the promotions will have no effect on the sales volume, then it would be appropriate to scrap off the sales promotions. Sales promotions are usually the capital intensive, therefore, the management should ensure that benefits outweigh the costs. That means that a high pricing strategy should be formulated to ensure that the high prices compensate for the increased costs. The sales promotions should also be tailor made for the target market and regions that the company has not ventured in. that will ensure an incre ase in the market share of the company. In the problem of the issue of the promotions being profitable as expected, a company can list down the profits against the costs of the company. The strategies formulated should be aimed at increasing profits and the market share of the company. In such a situation, the company can set a relatively higher price and aim at increasing the sales volume (Feinberg 281).The manager should ensure that efficiency is maximized to cut down on the costs of the company.

Theories in Mass Communication Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Theories in Mass Communication - Essay Example It provides different and revealing perspectives on issues and represents the desire for knowledge through 'aposteriori' methods of discovery rather than 'apriori' methods of tradition. There are different schools of thought on how social phenomena should be discussed and interpreted. Post-positivist theories are those that reject the view of the world in a purely scientific manner. This is because human knowledge is not founded on unchallengeable, rock solid-foundations and is in fact fallible. While experimental methodology can be used to investigate social phenomena, it is often impossible or unethical to use the kind of carefully controlled laboratory studies characteristic of physics or chemistry for social phenomena. Conceptually, it is often noted that unlike the subjects of natural science, people are reflexive. That is, they may alter their behavior based on the presence or findings of the researcher. This implies that there is no single, unifying all-encompassing truth emphasizing the need for multiple measures and observations.

The Discovery Of America

The Discovery Of America The discovery of America is one of the most argued and controversial issues discussed today by historians and different groups of interest. Many people think that Columbus deserves the praise for the discovery of America while, others believe that he deserves no credit because when he landed on the Island there were already natural inhabitants there who had been living there for centuries. Certainly, historical scriptures show that Columbus was not the first one to step on the new world. There were other people who expedited to America, some with the aim of finding a new world and some for discovering other places. However, still in todays new world much acknowledgment is given officially to Christopher Columbus for discovering their place without recognizing that other people who visited before the new land have set the prerequisites for Columbus to continue with his search. Thus, before Columbus made the giant leap on the new world, there were already existing footprints of the Vik ings, Leif Erikson, and Prince Madoc of Wales. The Vikings society is known in the history as first notated discovery proving that Columbus wasnt the first to discover the New World. The Vikings were the oldest and largest Dark Age re-enactment society in the United Kingdom, and probably the world. Columbus discovery occurred in 1492 but, the discoveries from the Vikings go all the way back to the period of 790 to 1066. The truth about Vikings colonization of North America was uncovered in 1961 at LAnse-aux-Meadows, Newfoundland, by a team of archaeologists lead by Helge Ingstad. They unearthed the remains of a Viking settlement dated to around 1000 AD. By 1973, archaeologists had uncovered the remains of seven Viking houses, a blacksmiths shop, and a host of medieval artifacts, including rusty nails, fragments of iron, a small piece of smelted copper, a stone lamp, a Norse cloak pin and a spindle whorl for making wool. Radiocarbon tests dated the at least a dozen objects to about AD1000, plus or minus 70 years (Fulton, 41). Viki ng rune stones have been discovered in Maine, New Hampshire, Rhode Island Minnesota, Oklahoma and Massachusetts. And a rusty though perfectly good battle axe at Rocky Point, Cape Ann (Fulton, 41). Thus, it is argued that the Vikings were among the first to step on the new world that made a major impact on European history through trade, travel and, many advances in art and family life. In addition, Lefi Erikson played an important role in discovering America. To begin with, the earliest documented claim for the discovery of America belongs to a Norse Captain named Bjarni Herjolfsson. Professor Samuel Wilson of the University of Texas writes of Bjarni, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦sailed from Iceland for Greenland in search of his father. During his journey he ran into bad weather and was blown off course to a coast that did not fit the formidable mountains and glaciers of Greenland.(18). Only wanting to find his father, Bjarni corrected his course and sailed for Greenland without landing on these new shores. Gerald Parshall writes, When Bjarni finally reached Greenland, he reported the flat wooden country he had sited to Erik the Red. (3). Erik was the Norwegian explorer who discovered and colonized Greenland and the father of Leif Erikson. When Leif heard the story of the lands to the west, he bought Bjarnis boat and sailed west to explore this newfound land. As he sailed, Leif explored and named three countries: Helluland (flat stone land), a rocky and barren land, probably Baffin Island, Markland (woodland), a low forested coast, most certainly Labrador or Newfoundland. (Wilford, 4). Leif continued south along the coast perhaps as far as New England and named these lands Vinland (grassland). Many scholars believe that Columbus learned of this discovery as a young sailor on one of his voyages to Iceland on the 1460s. Finally, the late 12th century has yet another explorer claiming the discovery of a new world. In 1170, Prince Madoc of Wales made two trips to North America after the death of his father, the king of North Wales. On his second trip, he returned to the New World with ten shiploads of settlers. The most popular theory is that Madocs colonists intermarried with the Indians and eventually migrated to the Dakotas, they were known as Mandan Indians, Mandan being the corruption of Madagwys, as the followers of Prince Madoc were called (Jackson, 78). President Thomas Jefferson, no less, told Lewis and Clark to keep an eye pealed for those Welsh Indians when he sent the explorers out in 1804. And Meriweather Lewis later reported that he had found the tribe (Parshall, 3). George Catlin, the American artist who lived with the Mandans for part of 1832, was persuaded that they were Madocs people by their fair complexion, blue and gray eyes, language parallels, and similarities in the round wicke r boats favored by both the Mandan and Welsh tribes (Jackson, 78). The story was considered as fact in many American book and also different events and memorials were built on this chronicle. To conclude, the discovery of America can be attributed to many different explorers. It was the combination of explorers and discoveries that resulted in the development of the Americas. Each of these explorers deserves to be celebrated and honored for their accomplishments. Without their combined efforts the American continent may never have become the place it is today. America was never undiscovered or forgotten as some of the Columbus supporters claim. Columbus used his knowledge of the earlier discoveries to continue previous attempts to colonize America. To attribute the whole discovery of the now promised land is not right and accurate historically. As shown above, facts tell us about discoveries of the land made before Columbus. Therefore, the history and the people should recognize all of those who contributed to the eventual creation of the new world.

Stereotypes and Stereotyping - I Was a Teenage Hippie Essay -- Example

Stereotyping - I Was a Teenage Hippie Imagine a 17-year-old kid. He is five feet eleven inches tall, weighs 180 lbs., with very long hair and a beard. His hair parts in the middle and stops at his waist, meaning his hair is about three and a half feet long. He dresses not for the fashion of the day, but with old standards: blue jeans and a flannel shirt in the winter or blue jeans and a short sleeve shirt in the summer. Generally, his shirts in summer are T-shirts, typically with some provocative text or an advertisement for a rock group. That kid was me in 1974. I was the stereotypical "hippie," and my social circle during that year and the four years preceding it (two of those years in middle school and two years in high school) included other hippies. The hippie subculture has often been subject to a stereotyped image over the years. The image identified with the hippie is one of an individual that is generally unclean and unkempt, usually lives in squalor, has a drug habit, and is not very smart. Of course, male members of the hippie subculture all had long hair. Though the conservatives stereotyped me and my friends by what they saw, they did not know a single thing about us. The group I was involved with socially was made up of eight other guys besides myself and two girls, but the eleven of us were known by our peers as "The Dirty Dozen." We were looked upon by the conservatives in our town as being "just a bunch of damn hippies." Obviously, The Dirty Dozen was stereotyped because of our appearance. Indeed, it would have been easy for any of us to change our image to something more socially acceptable. For example, cutting my air, shaving off my beard, and changing my... ...day. I find myself not being so quick to judge by looks alone. I find myself consciously thinking that I should not stereotype what I see before me. I do not know the person; I only know the image. I certainly do not want to consider myself so narrow minded that I engage in the very behavior displayed by the conservatives in the 1960s and 1970s. Because of the tendency of people to stereotype others, I hold the belief that I would be subject to stereotyping today. While I maintain views that might be politically incorrect and continue to hold dear a bit of the non-conforming attitude embraced by the hippie subculture, would people guess that to look at me today? Considering my conservative image today, would people guess that on the inside I might still be a "hippie?" Or would they look at me and see me as a "boring old fart" conservative yuppie?

Alfred Adler’s “The Neurotic Constitution” Essay

Introduction   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   One of the most common negative attributes an individual possess is insecurity.   Common among adolescents, insecurity can be exhibited through either inferiority complex or superiority complex.   This paper would present Alfred Adler’s theory of personality which concentrated on the reason as to why an individual develops feelings of insecurity and why this remains part of the individual’s behavior despite them reaching adulthood or old age. Adler’s Individual Personality   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   As a result of debates with Sigmund Freud, Alfred Adler (2007) developed his own theory of personality which he called as the â€Å"Individual Personality.†Ã‚   Adler believed that it is the motivations experienced by an individual that determines his or her role in society as well as being responsible for an individual’s uniqueness.   Under the Individual Personality theory, Adler presented two psychological conditions which he termed as â€Å"inferiority complex† and â€Å"superiority complex.†Ã‚   These conditions are commonly experienced by an individual during the early childhood years and would eventually lead to the individual to suffer neurosis.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   An individual suffering from either inferior or superiority complex requires an expedient to allow him or her to focus on the uncertainty of his or her existence.   By doing so, the individual is able to do a self-estimation of all evils and considers him or her to feel incompetent, inferior, degraded and insecure.   In order for the individual to find a guiding principle he or she uses either his or her parent who attributed his or her values to (Adler 2007). Based on the study of cause, behavior, manifestation and altered modes of activity, Adler (2007) discovered that there was a link between the individual developing an inferiority complex and the individual having underdeveloped organs resulting to the nervous system to compensate these.   As a result, the individual develops what Adler termed as somatic inferiority and eventually becomes a permanent compelling part of the individual’s psyche.   The only way this could be addressed is through the intervention of a psychologist. Another reason for the development of superior or inferiority complex among individuals is their desire to become what they consider to be great and strong.   This desire then influences their conduct, psychical and physical attitudes.   Oftentimes, individuals would experience temporary denials and discomforts, particularly during the early childhood years.   This leads them to seek the impulse to develop character traits that they would consider as common.    It is also during this period of time that individuals experience feelings of weaknesses, helplessness and feelings of anxiety.   At the same time, the development of these negative behaviors allows the individual to realize his or her strengths which results to the individual a sense of gratitude towards his strengths.   This, along with the development of obedience, allows the individual to develop an accentuation of his or her ego consciousness by assisting him or her to achieve the goal of his or her personality which is to strive for superiority (Adler 2007). Adler (2007) also stated that the parental neglect experienced by an individual as he or she grows up would result to the child developing feelings of aggression and contribution to the individual’s development of inferiority.   This is particularly evident among individuals who have been brought up in large families where the individual has a lot of siblings. Conclusion   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Insecurities are commonplace among each and every individual such that it would seem to be impossible to find an individual who does not possess any form of insecurity.   Adler’s theory provided valid explanations not only as to why individuals possess feelings of insecurity but also why certain individuals are more insecure than others.   Along with his theory, Adler presented factors that cause the emergence of insecurities among individuals.   The first is physical.   Many of people who are insecure are those who are inflicted with what society would consider as physical abnormalities.   They are viewed by society as different and as a result would make them to ridicule and bullying.   Another factor presented was the family.    On one hand, any children feel that they are pressured into following the footsteps of their parents which would let them feel that the only way to be accepted and considered as â€Å"doing the right thing† is if they would follow the footsteps of their parents.   On the other hand, because of the changes in lifestyles of most families, parents tend to have lesser time for their children.   The parental neglect causes the children to feel abandoned and as a result would develop insecurities which they would try to hide by creating an image that they are superior, hence the development of the superiority complex.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   All in all, society has played a part in the formation of insecurities of an individual.   Most often than not, individuals are not even aware that they in fact possess feelings of insecurity which is why only through the intervention of a psychologist and an open mind would an individual discover these insecurities and work on these insecurities in order to develop a stronger personality which is the goal of an individual. Reference Adler, A. (2007). The neurotic constitution: the origin and development of the feeling of inferiority. In H. S. Friedman & M. W. Schustack (Eds.), The personality reader (pp. 42-43).   Needham Heights, MA: Allyn & Bacon.

American Values essay

How American Family Values have change on the last 20 years The values of the cozy mid-80’s American family entertained us and sold us refrigerators, cars, and cigarettes, but they were the exception, not the rule. This was the world of the white suburban minority that exerted media dominance over the rest of the nation. Televison took them into our living rooms, convincing us this was the American family. In reality, this was the world of â€Å"separate but equal† family values. This was the world of living on the right or the wrong side of the tracks family values. These were the values that put minorities in the from of the bus.These were never the actual family values of the period. They were the values we were sold by the newly developing television industry. The nostalgic family values of the 80s are the subject of legend and myth. During the mid-Twentieth Century middle and upper class White Americans prospered. This is what is depicted in Life Magazine, The Dina h Shore Show, and Ed Sullivan's Sunday night TV extravaganza. Minority Americans, poor Americans, single Americans valued survival, not prosperity, and struggled against the glamorized stereotype for opportunity. Family values change because times and families change.Those who so fondly point to the â€Å"Happy Days† as the symbol of American family values fail to consider the majority of American families of the time period. In the real world of the nostalgic 80s, most families did not live in three-bedroom suburban homes and drive new automobiles. Have all heard it said many times before, â€Å"Oh well, times have changed, and we must change along with them. † The title of this article alone is enough to make one laugh a sarcastic snicker. The truth of the matter is that as much as people seem to have a need to believe it to be so, times do not change. People change.People have become more complacent in these modern days. Anything goes, and if anyone dares speak out in disagreement, the politically correct police will be on them in a New York second. It is true, one word of displeasure voiced against another’s lack of morality will win the speaker an instant title as an ill-informed, unyielding, old fashioned, bigot. Skirts too short†¦Ã¢â‚¬ you are so old fashioned. † Bad language shows lack of creativity and intellect†¦ â€Å"It’s just a word. †Ã‚   Teenage role model performing a public lap dance†¦ even the out of touch, Hollywood, best friend type of dad answers, â€Å"Oh well, that's what teenagers do these ays. † And all of those worshiping this one man suddenly jump to his defense, and begin parroting his horrible parenting skills. This is howAmerica was founded on Christian principles, but would you know it to look around? With the moral degradation in America, maybe it's time we took a look at our values. First, let's define morals: Moral applies to personal character and behavior, espec ially sexual conduct: â€Å"Our moral sense dictates a clearcut preference for these societies which share with us an abiding respect for individual human rights† (Jimmy Carter).Ethical stresses idealistic standards of right and wrong: â€Å"Ours is a world of nuclear giants and ethical infants† (Omar N. Bradley). Virtuous implies moral excellence and loftiness of character: â€Å"The life of the nation is secure only while the nation is honest, tru thful, and virtuous† (Frederick Douglass). Righteous emphasizes moral uprightness; when it is applied to actions, reactions, or impulses, it often implies justifiable outrage: â€Å"He was†¦ stirred by righteous wrath† (John Galsworthy). Values are the beliefs of a group of people shared as a whole, unlike morals which are individual to every person. Generally, an emotional investment coincides with the values. Typically, the term is used by the media to refer to Christian values, but in a 1998 Harris sur vey it was defined as â€Å"loving, taking care of, and supporting each other† by 52% of women and 42% of men, as â€Å"knowing right from wrong and having good values† by 38% of women and 35% of men, and as the traditional family by 2% of women and 1% men.The survey also noted that 93% of women thought that society should value all types of families. [3] [edit] Conservative definitions Since 1980, the Republican Party has used the issue of family values to attract socially conservative voters. [4] While family values remains a rather vague concept, social conservatives usually understand the term to include some combination of the following principles (also referenced in the 2004 Republican Party platform):[5] * Promotion of â€Å"traditional marriage† and opposition to sex outside of conventional marriage, ncluding pre-marital sex, adultery, polygamy, bestiality, and incest[6][7][8][9] * Support for a roll back of aspects of feminism and support for a traditio nal role for women in the family. [10][citation needed] * Opposition to same-sex marriage[5] * Support for traditional education and parental involvement in that education, including such things as vouchers for private, non-secular education. 11] * Opposition to legalization of abortion and support for policies that instead encourage abstinence and adoption[12] * Support for â€Å"abstinence education† exclusively regarding risks associated with early sexual activity such as teen pregnancies and sexually transmitted diseases[5] while not teaching such topics of sex education as human sexual behavior, safe sex and birth control[13] * Support for policies that are said to protect children from obscenity and exploitation[14][15][16][17][18][19][20] Social and religious conservatives often use the term â€Å"family values† to promote conservative ideology that supports traditional morality or Christian values. [21] American Christians often see their religion as the source of morality and consider the nuclear family to be an essential element in society. Some conservative family values advocates believe the government should endorse Christian morality,[22] for example by displaying the Ten Commandments or allowing teachers to conduct prayers in public schools.Religious conservatives often view the United States as a â€Å"Christian nation†[23] For example, â€Å"The American Family Association exists to motivate and equip citizens to change the culture to reflect Biblical truth and traditional family values. â€Å"[24] These groups variously oppose abortion, pornography, pre-marital sex, homosexuality, certain aspects of feminism[25], cohabitation, separation of church and state, and depictions of sexuality in the media. [edit] Liberal definitions Although the term â€Å"family values† remains a core issue for the Republican Party, in recent years the Democratic Party has also used the term, though differing in its definition. For exa mple, in his acceptance speech at the 2004 Democratic National Convention, John Kerry said â€Å"it is time for those who talk about family values to start valuing families. [26] The Democratic Party definitions of family values often include items that specifically target working families such as support of: * a living wage * universal health care * the acceptance of adoption by gays * the acceptance of the non-traditional family (single parent households, same-sex marriages) * social programs and financial aid for families Other liberals have used the phrase to support such values as family planning, affordable child care, and maternity leave. For example, groups such as People For the American Way, Planned Parenthood, and Parents and Friends of Lesbians and Gays have attempted to define the concept in a way that promotes the acceptance of single-parent families, same-sex monogamous relationships and marriage.This understanding of family values does not promote conservative moral ity, instead focusing on encouraging and supporting alternative family structures, access to contraception and abortion, increasing the minimum wage, sex education, childcare, and parent-friendly employment laws, which provide for maternity leave and leave for medical emergencies involving children. [27] While conservative sexual ethics focus on preventing premarital or non-procreative sex, liberal sexual ethics are typically directed rather towards consent, regardless of whether or not the partners are married. [28 * The American Heritage ® Dictionary of the English Language, Fourth Edition Copyright  © 2000 by Houghton Mifflin Company. * * Journal of Law, Policy and the Family 2006 Anne Revillard

Free Essays on Journal

Observation Journal Entry #1 Teaching Style o In my opinion the teacher is pretty much laid back. The entire environment is very different then what I am use to. I went to a suburban catholic high school. The teacher, however, always has control over the class and the students do not seem to take advantage of his laid-back attitude. This I believe can be the basis for better teaching, were the kids do not feel so much pressure. o The teacher uses visual and analytical methods. Since he teaches math he uses drawings for problems so that students can see the picture and the numbers to better help them understand the lesson. He also uses overheads and pictures of the calculator to help students understand and use the calculators better. o The greatest thing that he makes his students do is give him reasons why. For each problem the students are required to write a conclusion. This helps them not only express what they learned but helps their writing skills. Students’ Response to Teaching Style o Most students seem to stay on task, yet you still have a few students that are sleepy or not paying attention, which I think, is normal in most high school classrooms. The biggest problem would probably be the talking. o The students like when the teacher gives different views. He will explain one problem from many different views or angles. Just by looking around the classroom you could tell which way helped which student. They all seemed to be excited to find out that they finally got it. Assignments o I think that all of the assignments are fair, in that they are directly related to the lessons taught in class. o Each night the students are assigned problems to work on, sometimes they are to be handed in or to be done in the copybooks. They seemed to be always allowed to start them in class. o Each assignment includes writing. Even though it is a math class each student writes a conclusio... Free Essays on Journal Free Essays on Journal Observation Journal Entry #1 Teaching Style o In my opinion the teacher is pretty much laid back. The entire environment is very different then what I am use to. I went to a suburban catholic high school. The teacher, however, always has control over the class and the students do not seem to take advantage of his laid-back attitude. This I believe can be the basis for better teaching, were the kids do not feel so much pressure. o The teacher uses visual and analytical methods. Since he teaches math he uses drawings for problems so that students can see the picture and the numbers to better help them understand the lesson. He also uses overheads and pictures of the calculator to help students understand and use the calculators better. o The greatest thing that he makes his students do is give him reasons why. For each problem the students are required to write a conclusion. This helps them not only express what they learned but helps their writing skills. Students’ Response to Teaching Style o Most students seem to stay on task, yet you still have a few students that are sleepy or not paying attention, which I think, is normal in most high school classrooms. The biggest problem would probably be the talking. o The students like when the teacher gives different views. He will explain one problem from many different views or angles. Just by looking around the classroom you could tell which way helped which student. They all seemed to be excited to find out that they finally got it. Assignments o I think that all of the assignments are fair, in that they are directly related to the lessons taught in class. o Each night the students are assigned problems to work on, sometimes they are to be handed in or to be done in the copybooks. They seemed to be always allowed to start them in class. o Each assignment includes writing. Even though it is a math class each student writes a conclusio... Free Essays on Journal Entry # 1: Today was my first day at Midwood High School, where I observed three European History classes. All classes were majority sophomores and a few freshmen that were ahead of the game as well as a few juniors and seniors that fell behind. To estimate each class has, give or take, thirty five students on average. By request the three classes that I observed was on a different tracking level. The first class was an honors class that was composed primarily of Asian students, some Caucasian student and a very small percentage of African American and Hispanic students: to estimate I would say approximately four. The average class that I observed seemed to be very heterogeneous mixture of every ethnicity, race, and religion. It was so equally mixed that I was unable to estimate how many students belong to each subgroup. Finally, my low level class seemed to be majority African American, some Hispanic and three students belong to what I will very uneasily call the Caucasian group. Behavior wise my honors class could not be beat. They were eager to participate, quite down upon the request of the teacher, and seemed to truly be interested in the material that they were learning. They always appeared to be in competition with one another to give the right answer. I found it incredibly interesting how these students not only knew the material very well, but seemed to do the reading before class. They read the newspaper and watch the news to make sure that they are up to date on current events and took great pride in incorporating this knowledge to class discussion even without the teacher’s request. When the teacher spoke anything, these students immediately wrote it down: a skill I am still to this day unable to pick up. They were assigned an extremely large amount of homework every day that was due the following day. This is probably about two to three hours worth of hard work and the students did not seem to mind. By looking at ...

DEVELOPMENT OF BIODEGRADABLE FILM FROM PLEUROTUS SAJOR-CAJU WASTE Essa

DEVELOPMENT OF BIODEGRADABLE FILM FROM PLEUROTUS SAJOR-CAJU WASTE Essa Full Paper DEVELOPMENT OF BIODEGRADABLE FILM FROM PLEUROTUS SAJOR-CAJU WASTE Hazwani Binti Husain, Ahmad Yazid Bin Rahman, Norshazila Binti Senawi, Yamunasri A/P Kuthiah, Syaliyana Binti Khairudin, Thivya A/P Nadarajah Jabatan Agroteknologi dan Bio-industri, Politeknik Nilai, 71760 Nilai, Negeri Sembilan Article history Received 2 July2014 Received in revised form 5 November 2014 Accepted 25 November 2014 *Corresponding author Graphical abstract Abstract The accumulation of waste results in growing concern on the environmental issues all around the world. Enormous researches have been done to convert waste into valuable materials. This research aims to recycle mushroom waste into valuable biofilm. Mushroom waste from Pleurotus sajor-caju harvested from Rumah Cendawan, Politeknik Nilai has been used to develop biofilm which has the potential to be molded into variety of products. A total of 42 formulations have been developed and 14 best formulations have been chosen. The tensile strengths of these 14 biofilms have been tested by using Shimadzu Universal Testing Machine and the biodegradability characteristics of the films have been tested. Variable of positive results observed. In conclusion, biodegradable film from Pleurotus sajor-caju waste can be developed as a better alternative to the existing plastics in the market. Keywords: Pleurotus sajor-caju, waste, biofilm, tensile strength and biodegradable Abstrak Pengumpulan sisa buangan telah meningkatkan kebimbangan tentangi isu-isu alam sekitar di seluruh dunia. Penyelidikan secara besar-besaran telah dilakukan untuk menukar bahan buangan menjadi bahan-bahan berharga. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk mengitar semula sisa cendawan menjadi biofilem berharga. Sisa buangan cendawan Pleurotus sajor-caju yang dituai dari Rumah Cendawan, Politeknik Nilai telah digunakan untuk membangunkan biofilm yang berpotensi untuk dibentuk menjadi pelbagai produk. Seramai 42 rumusan telah dibangunkan dan 14 formulasi terbaik telah dipilih. Kekuatan tegangan 14 biofilem telah diuji dengan menggunakan Shimadzu Universal Testing Machine dan ciri-ciri biodegredasi filem telah diuji. Kepelbagaian hasil positif diperhatikan. Kesimpulannya , biofilem dari Pleurotus sajor-caju boleh dibangunkan sebagai alternatif yang lebih baik untuk plastik yang sedia ada di pasaran. Kata kunci: Pleurotus sajor-caju, sisa buangan, biofilem, kekuatan tegangan dan terbiodegradasikan 2015 Penerbit UTM Press. All rights reserved 1.0 INTRODUCTION The durability properties which make plastics ideal for many applications can lead to waste disposal problems in the case of traditional petroleum-derived plastics, as these materials are not readily biodegradable. Other than that, petroleum-derived plastics are resistant to microbial degradation thus will accumulate in the environment [1]. For instance, it can take up to one hundred years to degrade only a few grams of plastic (such as polyethylene) under normal environmental conditions. Because plastics cannot be degraded by natural processes in a short period of time, they are left as plastic waste, causing environmental problems [2]. Since last decades, many attempts have been focused on grafting or blending plastic materials with cheap and biodegradable natural biopolymers, such as starch, cellulose and chitin to create new materials with desired properties [3]. In the mushroom industry, a massive amount of the biowaste accumulated during mushroom production and harvesting, mainly consist of stalks and mushrooms of irregular dimensions and shapes. The amount of biowaste obtained can be up to approximately 50,000 metric tons of waste material per year [4]. Wastes left over in the edible mushroom farms can also become free and alternative source of chitin-chitosan materials, beside the traditional industrial source shellfish waste materials. Waste accumulated during mushroom production and harvest consist mainly stalks and mushroom of irregular dimensions and shapes. Waste disposal create environmental problems for producers due to the large volume and volatile degradation products [5]. This research had been done to determine the biodegradability and the tensile strength of biofilm from Pleurotus Sajor-caju waste as a potential plastic replacer. Figure 1: The effects of Force (N) on variety of formulation of biofilms. Figure 2: The biodegradability of various formulations of biofilms. 2.0 EXPERIMENTAL 2.1Materials Rotten mushrooms of Pleurotus sajor caju were obtained from Rumah Cendawan Politeknik Nilai, Negeri Sembilan and all chemicals used in producing the biodegradable film as well as for analytical procedures were of analytical grade or of the highest purity available. Details of chemicals were sodium hydroxide, hydrochloric acid, acetic acid, starch powder and glycerine. 2.2Preparation of Mushroom powder The rotten mushrooms were washed with clean water to remove dirt or other undesirable materials before leave it drying to room temperature. Then the dried mushrooms were ground into powder in a blender then they were sieved and

How to Write a Term Paper Thesis

How to Write a Term Paper Thesis How to Write a Term Paper Thesis There are many tips a student needs to keep in mind while writing a term paper thesis. A student needs to put in as much effort as possible in order to secure a decent grade. First of all, it is imperative that the student starts early and makes sure that their topic is chosen within first seven days, during the next week the student should study the research articles. If the student becomes lazy and does not follow such a schedule, it will create problems for the student. It is important that students take into consideration what interests them when selecting a topic. Students should also make sure that sufficient discussion has taken place with the professor before the topic has been finalized. Regular meetings should continue to take place with the professor to ensure that the student is on the right track, while making sure that the selected topic is neither too narrow, nor too broad. It is always a good idea to see your professor on a regular basis, since the professor will see you are working hard and you will also extract information, regarding proper indexes and catalogs, from the instructor. You should also make a complete list of potential key words that might be used to collect research material for the research topic. It will be best if you try to use mostly primary sources for your research material. Meanwhile, remember tips such as noting down ideas in a separate journal so that you do not forget them, and you can make use of them later. Clearly identify the notes on research material, and point out the areas which are to be directly quoted, and which are to be rephrased. One must be careful to avoid plagiarism since it is still considered a crime if it is detected. Ensure that your paper is checked for plagiarism and corrected before it is submitted. Note taking is also very crucial in order to maintain the progress you have made while making sure that the notes are clear and not vague. If you consider making the notes on a computer then you can easily retrieve them whenever they are required. However, it could complicate things since you will not be able to view all the notes at the same time, so this could cancel out the benefit of ease of access that computer note taking brings. Moreover, it is important that a very good outline for the paper is created before starting to write the paper. This will ensure that the structure of the paper is well managed and systematic, while also making sure that you have covered all the points. You need to ensure that a proper and clear thesis has been stated and that the whole study revolves around that thesis statement. Meanwhile, stating facts and figures is a very crucial element of a research paper. Ensure that the statistics that have been stated on the paper are accurate by checking them several times. Finally, the sources used for the research should be mentioned carefully, and after concluding the essay, there should be sufficient time for the student to proofread the document several times, to ensure the grammar, spelling, and punctuation in the document is flawless. will gladly help with term paper writing on any topic and discipline. Our writers are willing to write high-quality custom term papers from scratch!

People, Power and Politics in Canada Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

People, Power and Politics in Canada - Essay Example What this entire level of government involvement is intended for is to provide a level of oversight and funding with regards to how the culture of Canada is growing as well as ensure that certain key cultural functions remain funded and well developed; thereby helping to create a more extensive and well nuanced culture within the country itself. It is therefore the opinion of this particular author that the utilization of public funds to encourage such results is not only permissible but highly advantageous for the growth and development of the nation. When one considers the key factors that help to differentiate a nation and give it a degree of culture that it would otherwise have, these are ultimately factors that help the nation and/or people groups represented therein to develop themselves in an even more effective way than they normally would. One need look no further than the other nations of the developed world to note that similar programs utilizing public funds to effect such an end have been highly successful and have helped to develop art and culture that otherwise may have passed into oblivion had it not been for the injection of government funds and interests into such arenas. Although one may consider the term â€Å"responsible government† to merely be some type of over-arching premise by which the government should behave in a responsible manner towards the people it ultimately represents, the fact of the matter is that the term itself is far more nuanced than this. In essence, the term â€Å"responsible government† represents a type of governmental system in which the government is responsible to the people and the executive ultimately responsible both to the people and the House of Assembly. Although this type of rational has long existed in other representative governments throughout the world, what exists in Canada represents a type of implementation of the â€Å"vote of

There is no specific topic for it, just answer the questions Essay

There is no specific topic for it, just answer the questions - Essay Example This led to the fact that in the name of society freedom individuals and certain groups in society were subjected to coercion. In contrast, the principle of negative liberty is considering any kind of restriction or regulation as a threat to individual freedom and therefore strictly upholds freedom as noninterference. Thus, negative liberty as a principle of non-interference is above the positive freedom in regard to guarantees of freedom of the individual in society. This inspired Quentin Skinner to propose a "third concept of liberty." As a historian, Skinner restores intellectual tradition of civic republicanism, but as a political philosopher - a political tradition of republican liberty, where freedom considers to be the non-domination. Skinner puts forward an alternative understanding of negative liberty. In the center he puts the wellness of the community, though personal freedom of community members is not subordinated to community members.. In the republican tradition is regarded as a citizen of a free citizen in a free-only. Thus the only problem is in preservation of that freedom state. For every citizen the easiest way may be an economic prosperity and active political involvement. In other words, a person must do something for her freedom. Such understanding of freedom imposes greater demands than the liberal concept of negative liberty. Republican ideal of freedom is not just a simple non-interference, but an active involvement, which tries to promote freedom of the individual and freedom of government in the mutual dependence of these liberties. Thus, the community - its not just a social reality, but a result of active engagement and cooperation that goes beyond pure observation of own interests. In his letter from Birmingham Jail Martin Luther King also appeals to the republican conception of freedom as non-domination involving the historical memory of the protesters: "We had no alternative except

Business plan for entertainment seminar Research Proposal

Business plan for entertainment seminar - Research Proposal Example The company plans to repay the complete start-up debt by the end of the second quarter of the fourth year. Belter-Chan Entertainment, LLC; has been founded by the endowed and talented duo Betty Chan, who will act as the CEO; and Aaron Belter, the designated COO. Betty Chan holds a Masters of Business Administration (MBA) in Management from the University of Southern California (USC) Marshall School of Business, served as a Systems Operator for the US Navy, held a high security clearance while employed with the Governor of California Arnold Scwarzenegger, the US Department of State and the US Department of Labor and has prior production accounting experience with Paramount Pictures, the major motion picture studio located in Hollywood. Aaron Belter was a former Talent Agent with the largest talent agency in the world, the William Morris Agency in Beverly Hills before becoming a Film Producer for his now dissolved motion picture production company Niboucha-Belter Films which was once located at Universal Pictures. After dissolving his motion picture production company, Mr. Belter re-entere d talent representation with Michael Ovitz's Artists Management Group in Beverly Hills as a Talent Manager and after this company closed in 2001, Mr. Belter formed Belter Management where he continued as a Talent Manager and Consulted for motion picture directors and producers in areas production finance and distribution. The new alliance of Belter-Chan will engage in Motion Picture Consulting, Development and Producer Training. Our primarily target audiences interested in advanced Motion Picture Producing Seminar Training Programs will be offered to students and professionals alike and shall include an in depth look to the art and science of producing motion pictures; complete from Acquisition, Development,

Film Analysis of War Horse Movie Review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Film Analysis of War Horse - Movie Review Example The movie revolves around the unspoken love and attachment between a young boy named Albert Narracott and the horse bought by his drunken father, Ted with an intention to plough his farms and more specifically to spite his landlord who was known as Lyon. The entire movie is filmed in Devon, England. Albert names the horse as Joey and trains him to plough. Their love grows as they spend time together. With the passage of time, Albert teaches Joey many different things. However, a drastic event changes everything between them. Ted sells Joey to Captain Nicholls to cover losses incurred by his destroyed turnip crops. Captain Nicholls, who was in British Army, promises the young Albert that he would take care of the Joey during the war and he would return him as soon as the war ends. Joey is trained well for all the military purposes. Unfortunately, during the war Captain Nicholls got killed in France and Joey was captured by the Germans along with other many horses. From there, Joey emb arks on a new journey and ends up when a French girl named, Emilie discovers two horses inside a windmill. Emilie, who lives with her grandfather, suffers from an unidentified illness. Later, their property and the horses are confiscated by the German soldiers and they take everything away with them. Now the story takes another melancholic turn and Albert is seen fighting alongside with Andrew, his best friend, in the Second Battle of the Somme in 1918. Albert loses his longtime best friend Andrew in the battlefield against German army.

Vision of an Ethical Business-(answering the question-what is an Term Paper

Vision of an Ethical Business-(answering the question-what is an ethical business) - Term Paper Example he controversies regarding the moral responsibilities and ethical considerations in the decision making process are the inherent challenges that must be understood in the wider perspectives of business’ vision and mission. The paper would thus, be discussing the most crucial aspects of an ethical business. Consequentialist ethics is defined as the acts or behavior that is determined by the consequences of that act or behavior which generally must be beneficial in content. ‘The principle of utility states that an action is right if it produces the greatest balance of pleasure or happiness and unhappiness in light of alternative actions’ (reading 1, p 3). Popularized as act utilitarian theory, the actions, that are designed to benefit or have beneficial cascading effects on others, are morally and ethically right. Benthams theory is important because it promotes morally correct ethical actions that are designed to maximize happiness for maximum people. According to Act Utilitarian of Jeremy Bentham, an action that results in the happiness of one and all is a good act. Bentham and other utilitarians like Mills found it a revolutionary theory because it reflected ‘human motivation†¦ and it had dear application to political and social problems of their time’ (Reading 1, p 4). In the contemporary times, it becomes highly difficult because of the diverse ideologies and differing value system to satisfy large populace. Indeed, it is one of the crucial compulsions of the globalization that people should strive towards common goals of universal values. Emmanuel Kant believed that the principle of ‘categorical imperative’ can govern all human beings and can be broadly defined as Rules of Universality and Rules of Respect (Reading 1, p 7). The first one makes says that people at all time must act appropriately and the second rules promotes the value of respect and says that well being al all individuals is important and therefore, one should not use others

Genetics and Cancer Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Genetics and Cancer - Assignment Example Fever and headache reveal that the leukemia cells have spread up to the spinal cord. According to McCance & Huether (2014) chemotherapy and drug administration are the most appropriate treatment for this patient (p. 392-401). The commencement of modern cancer treatment revealed that pediatric and adult cancers have a considerable degree of variation. A chief variation is the higher 5-year survival rate for common pediatric cancers, when compared to common adult cancers. Current therapy of pediatric cancer cases, for instance acute lymphoblastic leukemia, have revealed a 5 year survival rate of children; as compared to adults who have the same condition to have a lower than 5 years survival rate. Childhood leukemia was viewed as a fatal condition 50 years ago, but currently approximately 70% of children with this condition have been cured (Agabegi & Ring, 2013 p. 355). Medical improvements have been made in the treatment of childhood cancers; however, little advancement has been made in adult cancer. This explains why adult cancer victims’ survival rate has remained constant during the years. Thus, due to the improvements done on pediatric cancer, there is a survival divergence with adult cancer; m aking adult cancer a public health concern (McCance & Huether, 2014 p. 442- 446). Adult and childhood cancers differ by phenotype and genotype. In addition, the physiologic anatomy and co-morbid medical conditions varies between adults and children. A biological difference between adult and pediatric cancers is via the microscopic observation of the cells. On observation, adult cancers are carcinomas originating from epithelial tissue. This includes breast, lung, ovarian, prostate, colo-rectal, and uterine. Childhood cancers are sarcomas originating from non- ectodermal embryonal tissue; this includes nerve tissue, lymph glands, bone marrow, muscle, and bone. In addition, the dichotomies of adults are mature, and that of children are embryonic (Brashers, 2006 p.

Vision of an Ethical Business-(answering the question-what is an Term Paper

Vision of an Ethical Business-(answering the question-what is an ethical business) - Term Paper Example he controversies regarding the moral responsibilities and ethical considerations in the decision making process are the inherent challenges that must be understood in the wider perspectives of business’ vision and mission. The paper would thus, be discussing the most crucial aspects of an ethical business. Consequentialist ethics is defined as the acts or behavior that is determined by the consequences of that act or behavior which generally must be beneficial in content. ‘The principle of utility states that an action is right if it produces the greatest balance of pleasure or happiness and unhappiness in light of alternative actions’ (reading 1, p 3). Popularized as act utilitarian theory, the actions, that are designed to benefit or have beneficial cascading effects on others, are morally and ethically right. Benthams theory is important because it promotes morally correct ethical actions that are designed to maximize happiness for maximum people. According to Act Utilitarian of Jeremy Bentham, an action that results in the happiness of one and all is a good act. Bentham and other utilitarians like Mills found it a revolutionary theory because it reflected ‘human motivation†¦ and it had dear application to political and social problems of their time’ (Reading 1, p 4). In the contemporary times, it becomes highly difficult because of the diverse ideologies and differing value system to satisfy large populace. Indeed, it is one of the crucial compulsions of the globalization that people should strive towards common goals of universal values. Emmanuel Kant believed that the principle of ‘categorical imperative’ can govern all human beings and can be broadly defined as Rules of Universality and Rules of Respect (Reading 1, p 7). The first one makes says that people at all time must act appropriately and the second rules promotes the value of respect and says that well being al all individuals is important and therefore, one should not use others

Energy Essay Essay Example for Free

Energy Essay Essay However out of this whole trouble taken from these processes only 30%-35% of the potential energy stored is actually transformed to electricity. And if we sum up the advantages and disadvantages, we see the following: Advantage: Disadvantage: Produces a lot of energy Expensive to build Does not pollute the environment Expensive to maintain 2. Fossil Fuels: Fossil fuels are a type of power that has also caused a lot of controversy, because of the negative effects they have on the environment (e. g. global warming and green-house effect). Fossil fuel actually comes from the remains of Dead Sea animals that died millions of years ago. And actually what happened to them, is that their bones were crushed with each other and pressured by several of the earth piling on top of them until they finally formed fossil fuel but also the heat of the earths core, played a vital factor. The basic energy transformation that takes place in fossil fuel is that the potential energy stored, breaks down through to give heat energy, and that heat energy is transferred to kinetic energy, which drives a steam turbine that will generate electricity. The two very known fossil fuels are coal and oil. However out of this energy transformation process, only 40-45% of the potential energy stored is actually transferred to electricity. And if sum up the advantages and disadvantages, we see the following: Advantage: Disadvantage: Cheap to produce Not good for environment Is not hazardous to peoples health We are running out of them After discussing the non-renewable sources, I am now going to talk about the renewable sources, and to be exact I am going to talk about the following 3 sources: 1. Hydroelectric power: The main energy transformation that takes place in hydroelectric power is that the kinetic energy of the waves, forces generators, which function like a pendulum, swing to vibrate and once they vibrate, they generate electric energy. Out of this small process, the efficiency is only 35% out of the whole energy conversion. But this also however will depend on the wave velocity, because if it is greater, then more kinetic energy will be supplied, if we sum up the advantages and disadvantages, we see the following: Advantage: Disadvantage: Cheap to maintain Expensive to build Delivers a lot of energy. Changes the ecology of the area 2. Solar Power: We can use the power of sun in 2 ways. The first way is by using the sunlight itself into making electrical energy; this is done by the help of photovoltaic cells. And basically what happens is that the sunlight hits the cells which convert these light signals into electrical signals. The second type is done by using the heat of the sun to heat the water which can be used to heat up houses directly or to drive steam turbines which will generate electricity. Also one thing that must be taken into account, in this whole solar power issue. And that thing is the solar constant. The solar constant is the power collected at the top of the atmosphere by a unit area. But basically this can be summed up by saying that it describes the solar radiation, that falls on an area above the atmosphere at a certain angle. This constant, isnt much of a constant because it actually varies on earth with the time of day and year, as well as with the latitude and weather. The maximum values vary between 0. 8 and 1. 0 KW/m2. As for the efficiency of solar power, well it is disappointing to know that it is only 30% of the suns energy is actually transferred to electricity. And if we sum up the advantages and disadvantages, we see the following: Advantage: Disadvantage: Renewable The photovoltaic cells are very fragile Can supply the whole world on its own Useless if used in a place where there is no sun 3. Wind power: A wind generator works by having the blades rotated by the wind, which causes a dynamo (which is like a generator) to spin and then electric energy is produced. The power delivered by a wind generator, varies on the area with the rotor length being the diameter. This is given by the following formula: P=Ek/t And the efficiency of this wind generator is only 25% which is quiet poor really. And of we sum up the advantages and disadvantages, we see the following: Advantage: Disadvantage: Provides all the energy the world needs Expensive to maintain Renewable Rotor blades are extremely fragile After summarising, both renewable and non-renewable sources, it is time for me to chose the best type of energy resources to use for our homes. The energy resources I suggest are more than 1. First of all the energy resources should be renewable, so that we dont have to worry about the environment and peoples health (unlike fossil fuels and nuclear power). The second thing is that this renewable source, should not affect our environment or ecology (which means hydropower is dropped out! ). Also the energy resource should be efficient, so that we can meet our basic demands for energy, (which means that wind energy also drops out! ). After mentioning these three requirements (which seem essential in my own personal view), it is quiet obvious that the only energy source that I am talking about is Solar!. But however to improve this even more, would be if we insulate our homes well and do not waste our energy for no apparent reason(e. g.like leaving the lights of a room turned on, when no one is in the room. And also buying energy saving equipment). Because like I said at the beginning of this essay, without light we will become extinct. And we all know that we dont want to become extinct, so lets do something about it and try and save our planet. 1 U= Uranium N=Neutron X+Y= Elements Z= Number of Show preview only The above preview is unformatted text This student written piece of work is one of many that can be found in our  GCSE Electricity and Magnetism  section. Download this essay Print Save Not the one?

The Marketing Strategy Of Air Arabia Tourism Essay

The Marketing Strategy Of Air Arabia Tourism Essay The company Air Arabia which is chosen in this report is a public company. This report also gives information about how the company works internally and externally. The main hub of the Air Arabia Company is in Sharjah, U.A.E and Mohamed V Airport in Casablanca, Morocco. This report will also give you the financial Information of the company and also about its competitors financial status like its sales, profit, and market share. Air Arabia is worlds First and Largest Low Cost Carrier (LCC) to operate in Middle East and North Africa. It operates in more than 40 countries worldwide and has segmented its target market in Middle East, Indian Subcontinents, South and Central Asia, Africa and Europe. The report also gives complete information about the companys Strength, Weakness, Opportunities, and Threats and also about its Product (Services), Price, Place and Promotion. Last but not the least, the report has showed the position of the company in the current market, evidence of the compa nys success and prospects for future growth/success. Air Arabia Introduction Air Arabia is the first largest Low Cost Carrier (LCC) to operate in Middle East and North Africa. Air Arabia started its operation in October 2003 and holds a portfolio of successful business.The Main Hub of Air Arabia is Sharjah Airport, UAE and Mohamed V Airport in Casablanca, Morocco and later on announced its third hub in Egypt. The current CEO of Air Arabia is Adel Ali who was named as Airline CEO of the Year for 3 years. Air Arabia is named as Best Low Cost Carrier at many Airline Awards. Air Arabia is a listed company on the Dubai Financial Market. The current Air Arabia slogan is Air Arabia, Pay Less Fly More. The Market Environment: Air Arabia has spread it wings from its hubs; Sharjah Airport, UAE and Mohamed V Airport in Casablanca, Morocco and Egypt to over 65 destinations spreading across Middle East, Indian Subcontinents, South and Central Asia, Africa and Europe. Air Arabia is in Airline Industry and has maintained a portfolio of successful business till now. The Airline Industry provides with Air transport services to passengers who want to travel to different countries which are covered by Airplanes in much less time. It also provides with air cargo facilities. The Competition The Main Competitors Air Arabia has many competitors such as Emirates Airline, Etihad Airways, and Air India Express but out of all these the main competitor of Air Arabia is Jazeera Airways. Sales and Profit Trend Jazeera Airways faced a Net Loss of 8.2 million in the year 2009. In the year 2010 the company is still operating in loss of 4.4 million in the first quarter and a loss of 4.7 million in the second quarter. Market Share Jazeera Airways head office is in Kuwait. It also had its hub in UAE but because of it facing loss in the previous year it had decided to close down the UAE hub. So now it only controls from Kuwait. Target Market Jazeera Airways is a low cost airline that targets the people with low income. The Company Sales and Profit Trend Air Arabias company profits in the year 2009 were AED 452 million. In the year 2010 the profits of the company in the first quarter were AED 50 million and in the second quarter were also AED 50 million. The company is building up a strong network route which is helping in growing its sales. Market Share The following graph shows Air Arabia Profit generated worldwide. GCC AED 63.28 million Middle East AED 63.28 million North Africa AED 49.72 million Central Asia AED 22.6 million Europe AED 94.92 million Indian Subcontinents AED 158.2 million Business Sector Air Arabia is a public sector company with its share listed on the Dubai Financial Market (DFM: AIRARABIA). SWOT analysis Strengths Air Arabia is the first low cost carrier in the GCC region. Given the huge investment required in setting up an airline, competition will need time to be a significant threat. Sharjah Airport gives significant waivers to Air Arabia in the form of landing and parking fees. Despite a very young history, net profits have been increasing at a CAGR of over 200% since 2005. The company managed to generate its first net profit in 2005 after starting operations in late 2003. Weaknesses Less number of planes Hub location A deterrent for residents of other emirates in UAE other than Dubai. Fuel prices account for roughly 38% of total operating costs for Air Arabia. The price hike in crude oil is expected to continue affecting the airline. Opportunities With a firm order for 34 aircraft and an option for 15 more, Air Arabia is poised for growth. The airline is expected to add more destinations to its portfolio. Competition is still young when compared to Air Arabia which gives the company time to further solidify its positioning as a quality LCC. The UAE and the GCC as a whole is focused on attracting tourists to the region. As the region grows with the rising price of oil, the accessible market for Air Arabia also expands in the long-term. Threats Being the most significant component of operating costs, energy prices can seriously hamper Air Arabias performance. Airlines around the world are struggling because of rising energy costs. Low LCC penetration in the region makes the pie very large however new LCCs are on their way to make the division more diluted in the future. New LCCs include Sama, Nas, RAK Airways and Fly Dubai. Due to limited choice in aircraft suppliers, airlines are sensitive to delivery schedules of aircraft. The delivery of the 34 ordered aircraft is originally meant to commence in 2013. The Companys Marketing Strategy Segmentation Air Arabia has been spread worldwide through three hubs namely Sharjah Airport, Mohamed V Airport in Casablanca and Egypt airport. Air Arabia is in Travel and Tourism industry which is further divided into Travel industry which provides with travel facilities to passengers who want to travel to other countries whereas Tourism industry which help with Hotel reservations. Targeting Air Arabia targets people with low income who would like to travel the world which could not be possible as the air freight is high. But nowadays people with good income have also started traveling in Air Arabia as it helps them to save for better future. Positioning Air Arabia has positioned itself in the market in such a way that has kept it far ahead of its competitors. Air Arabia and Jazeera airways are in competition but still demand for Air Arabia is high as it provides cheap ticket price. Growth Strategy Air Arabia has planned to expand its Sharjah hub by Investing 2.0 billion in new aircrafts which will increase the number of planes to 34 by 2015.this expansion will also increase the frequency of flights on certain routes, i.e. doubling the number of daily flights in most cases. The Marketing Mix Product (Service) Air Arabia offers many services to their customers according to the target segment they belong to. They provide with online booking which reduces the time of a customer to go to any agency and book a flight. Air Arabia also provides with hotel-reservation service and recommends the best options for customers according to their needs and budgets. Price Air Arabia is using a low cost strategy, which is to offer lower price than what other airlines in the market offer. It uses this strategy because it targets people from low to medium-income level who are willing to pay less in order to fly more. Place The main base of Air Arabia is in Sharjah, UAE. It has more three hubs which are in Morocco, Egypt and Jordon. Air Arabia also has an Online Website through which customers can book their flights, check the latest offers and book an accommodation in a hotel during his/her travel. Promotion Air Arabia always advertise in local and international, Arabic and English newspapers and magazines because their target audience are people from all nationalities. It advertises in business, family and social magazines worldwide to reach their target audience who have different interests. Air Arabia has created a website offers many services such as the online booking, which allow customers to select particular seats or service from their home. Furthermore, Air Arabia advertises in many websites from different fields such as the MSN messenger and the Gulf News. Evaluation of the Companys Strategies and Tactics Current Market Situation Air Arabia being the First and largest Low Cost Carrier in the Middle East and North Africa have put themselves ahead of their competitors. The companys services are being demanded by many customers due to whom in 2010 the Net Profit of the company in third quarter increased to AED 136 million. Evidence of Companys Success The Companys profit in the year 2009 was AED 452 million which had been decreased from the previous year. But the companys growth strategy shows that it will be successful in the coming years. Prospects for future growth/success Air Arabia have invested AED 1.7 2.0 billion on new aircrafts to increase the number of planes by 2015. This investment will increase the frequency of the flights on certain routes. Conclusion Air Arabia has been growing in Travel and Tourism industry with a vision to offer better services and to be the best airline on every route it flies by improving a strong network route. Thus, it has many target segments of people with low to medium- income levels that are looking for low air fares. The ambition of Air Arabia is a fleet expansion of 50 aircrafts by 2015 and also establishing more hubs to link the whole Arab world to Africa and Europe

Life Leads to Many Different Choices :: Science Teachers Teaching Education Essays

Life Leads to Many Different Choices I’ve always had a love for science. When I was young I wanted to be a scientist. As I got older I wanted to become a doctor, and now I’m pursuing a degree in teaching. Being a scientist would’ve been the best thing in the world. I used to go outside, catch bugs and study them. I’d look at rocks and try to figure out what they were made of. I’d take stuff apart to figure out how it worked or what it was made of. One year I got a microscope kit for Christmas. I’d sit for hours looking at stuff under the microscope. I looked at everything under that microscope from bugs found in the yard to leaves from trees, even just a small plain sheet of paper. I wanted to be a scientist and work at NASA during that period of my life. When entering high school things were changing, but I still loved science. Up until my eleventh grade year I wasn’t sure what I wanted to do. I had entered a club that gave me a four-year scholarship for college if I went into the science field. My eleventh grade year I took a high school anatomy class and loved it. This made me really want to become a doctor. I wanted to become a Pediatrician because I’ve always loved kids. When I was younger other than science I used to baby-sit. I thought pediatric care would be the most wonderful thing at that period of my life. Up until this summer I wanted to become a Pediatrician. There were many factors that influenced why I wanted to become a teacher. One factor was I’m unsure of myself in being able to get into medical school and being able to do the work. So teaching was next on my list. Another factor is I don’t want to be in college a whole lot longer. I want to get a master’s degree later on but at this point in my life I want to get on with it. Another factor is I don’t have the money to go on to medical school, so teaching is my next option. My last factor is over the summer I worked in the Energy Express program and loved it. During Energy Express I mentored a group of eight students read, write, and do art projects.

Romania - Ecotourism in Romania Essay -- essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Fascinating Romania   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  At the eastern edge of Europe, Romania is perhaps best known for its Black Sea resorts, such as Mamaia and the Greco-Byzantine port of Constanta, and the Danube delta, listed by UNESCO as a World Heritage Site for its rich wetlands and abundant bird-life. The Transylvanian Alps occupy much of the northern half of the country, the waters of their many spa resorts having been appreciated for their healing properties since Roman times.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Romania offers a rich tapestry tourist attractions and vacation experiences unique in Central-Eastern Europe: medieval towns in Transylvania, the world-famous Painted Monasteries in Bucovina, traditional villages in Maramures, the magnificent architecture of Bucharest, the romantic Danube Delta, fairy-tale castles, the Black Sea resorts, the majestic Carpathian Mountains, spas and much more.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Transylvania is also the legendary home of Bram Stoker's Dracula, based on an infamous medieval king 'Vlad the Impaler' whose spooky abode at Bran Castle may be visited. The northern half of the country is bisected by the great Carpathian Mountains, most of which are covered by pristine mountain forests which shelter one of Europe's last strongholds for large carnivore populations.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Romania is a country with rich biodiversity (ecosystems, species and genetic diversity) and a high percentage of natural ecosystems 47% of the land area of the country is covered with natural and semi-natural ecosystems. The natural integrity of forest ecosystems is indicated by the presence of the full range of European forest fauna, including 60% and 40% of all European brown bears and wolves, respectively. Europe’s largest wetland, the Danube Delta, also lies predominantly in Romania. Major grasslands, caves, and an extensive network of rivers, add to the ecosystem richness. Important for Romania as well as for all Europe, is that the territory of Romania is a confluence point between biogeographic regions between arctic, alpine, west and central European, pannonic, balkanic, sub Mediterranean and even eastern colchic. The high level of geographic diversity in Romania and the consequence of its location as a biological confluence place have produced a fl oral diversity that includes over 3,70... ...rs and of local infrastructure. It also promotes the technological progress, environmental protection activities, and the financial sector reorganization. The development and restructuring of these fields are prerequisites for the increased traffic of local and international tourists.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Well known for a long time on international scale, the Romanian hospitality proved to be, over the years and quite often, not only a characteristic of the Romanian people but, using the touristic language, a promoting instrument of the national offer on the international market, too. The idea of developing the tourism in Romania is based on this characteristic of the Romanians, and on the beauty of the Romanian village and landscape.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Biography http://www.carpathians.org/l_rom.htm http://www.ce-review.org/99/2/lovatt2.html http://home.online.no/~romemb/tourism.htm http://www.grida.no/enrin/biodiv/biodiv/national/romania/robiodiv.htm http://www.responsibletravel.com/TripSearch/Europe/Country100204.htm http://aboutromania.com/photos.html http://www.factbook.ro/countryreports/ro/Ro_Tourism.htm http://www.factbook.net/index.html

Restorative Justice and Restitution Essay

Restorative Justice and Restitution Introduction   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Morals and values are considered to be the same to majority of the people in the society. Values or ethics, however is considered to be the standards that are set within a society and portrays how the views of other people can be considered to be right or wrong, either at the workplace, in the social circles or even nationally (Van Ness, & Strong, 2013). Morals on the other hand are considered to be independent to every individual since they originate from matters of belief, choices and religion. Morals deal with the making of either right or wrong, fair or unfair decisions, honest or dishonest choices that have a direct impact on the religion or belief of an individual (Zehr, 2002).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The theories of morality that play a role in this case include the theory of utilitariansm, whereby it is considered to be morally good for the majority (Zehr, Mika, & Umbreit, 1997). The other theory is the theory of moral courage, which is considered to be to be the main pillar of ethics. Moral courage requires that one makes steadfast commitment to principles that are ethical and fundamental despite facing issues such as potential risks, shame, loss of reputation, isolation, emotional anxiety, retaliation and even loss of employment (Umbreit, 1989). Tough and morally right decisions have to be made despite the consequences.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The concept of restorative justice and restitution is an approach that is mainly focused on the various needs that victims of crime and the offenders have as well as the community within which people live in (Zehr, 2002). The aim and purpose of restorative justice and restitution is not just to satisfy the principles of the legal process or punishment to the offender but to satisfy the needs of the offenders as well as that of the victims (Van Ness, & Strong, 2013). The restorative justice and restitution is based on the theory of justice. This theory simply considers wrongdoing and crime as an offense that is committed against a community and an individual and not the state (Zehr, 2002).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The legal process, as much as its purpose is to serve justice where it is due, does not aim at increasing animosity and hatred in the society and hence the reason for restorative justice and restitution. It is important for people to live in harmony and get along (Zehr, Mika, & Umbreit, 1997). The process that is involved in restorative justice does not aim at benefiting the offender but to bring people together, the victims as well as the offenders and find peace and harmony in the society. Everyone in the society should be ready to support a process that encourages harmony and nit promote hatred and animosity hence restorative justice and restitution plays a major role in building a better society for the future (Umbreit, 1989).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The ethical issues that are related to the concept of restorative justice and restitution include the issue of forgiveness between the people that have been affected by the actions of the offender (Zehr, 2002). Another ethical issue that is involved with regard to restorative justice and restitution is that a crime is not committed against the state but rather against the victims and the society (Van Ness, & Strong, 2013). The needs in addition to the issues that the victims have as well as the offenders need to be considered to promote harmony in the society. The other ethical issue to be considered under restorative justice is whether offenders should be given a second chance in the society and allowed to make things right with the victims of their offenses (Umbreit, 1989).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Restorative justice also has its implications in the long run. The implications of restorative justice and restitution include increased accountability in the society; restoration and improvement of relationships in the society hence reduce chances of future offenses in terms of retaliations and revenge (Zehr, 2002). Furthermore, restorative justice has the implication of restoring trust and helping in the growth of long term relationships in the community and between the people involved in the whole process (Umbreit, 1989). Long-term safety and building of confidence is also another implication of restorative justice that will be achieved.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The approach that will be suitable in reaching the decision on whether to meet the convicted murder would be through counselling sessions for the family members and through seeking of information from people or families that have had an experience with restorative justice (Van Ness, & Strong, 2013). The needs and concerns of each family member will need to be addressed and find out their views about the meeting and what they would want done differently. Counselling sessions for the family members will help build their confidence and gradually acceptance of the loss of the loved one (Zehr, 2002). After the counselling sessions, regular meetings should be conducted with the family members to discuss on whether to allow for the meeting or to refuse the meeting.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The steps to undertake in approaching the decision making process will involve calling for a family meeting whereby all members should be present. Every family member is to be given a chance to air their views and their opinions based on the theory of moral courage and virtues (Umbreit, 1989). After the family meeting, it would be important to contact the member of the Victim’s Group and discuss the conditions under which the meeting would be held if it will take place and establish the final motive why the convict wants the meeting (Zehr, Mika, & Umbreit, 1997). After that, have another family meeting and analyze the findings based on moral values and in the spirit of restorative justice (Zehr, 2002). This will lead to a decision of meeting the convict since the benefits of the meeting outweigh lack of the meeting. The possible questions would only be two main questions and that includes: What exactly led the convict to commit the crime and did the victim deserve to die in such a manner? What would the convict have done if his situation was reversed?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Restorative justice and restitution is beneficial in the society and helps in avoiding continued criminality within a society. However, it should not be over exercised since criminals may tend to take advantage of the same to continue committing heinous crimes. The full force of the law should also play a major role in curbing crimes in the society. References Umbreit, M. S. (1989). Crime victims seeking fairness, not revenge: Toward restorative justice. Fed. Probation, 53, 52. Umbreit, M. S., Coates, R. B., & Kalanj, B. (1994). Victim meets offender: The impact of restorative justice and mediation (pp. 53-64). Monsey, NY: Criminal Justice Press. Van Ness, D. W., & Strong, K. H. (2013). Restoring justice: An introduction to restorative justice. Newnes. Zehr, H. (2002). The little book of restorative justice. Intercourse, PA: Good books. Zehr, H., Mika, H., & Umbreit, M. (1997). Restorative justice: The concept. Corrections Today, 59, 68-71. Source document

Balancing of Rotating Machines

BALANCING OF ROTATING MACHINES The first thing to be explored to control vibrations is to try to alter the source so that it produces less vibration. This method may not always be feasible. Some examples of the sources of vibration that cannot be altered are earthquake excitation, atmospheric turbulence, road roughness, and engine combustion instability. On the other hand, certain sources such as unbalance in rotating or reciprocating machines can be altered to reduce the vibrations.This can be achieved, usually, by using either internal balancing or an increase in the precision of machine elements. The use of close tolerances and better surface finish for machine parts (which have relative motion with respect to one another) make the machine less susceptible to vibration. Of course, there may be economic and manufacturing constraints on the degree of balancing that can be achieved or the precision with which the machine parts can be made. The presence of an eccentric or unbalanced m ass in a rotating disc causes vibration, which may be acceptable up to a certain level.If the vibration caused by an unbalanced mass is not acceptable, it can be eliminated either by removing the eccentric mass or by adding an equal mass in such a position that it cancels the effect of the unbalance. In order to use this procedure, we need to determine the amount and location of the eccentric mass experimentally. The unbalance in practical machines can be attributed to such irregularities as machining errors and variations in sizes of bolts, nuts, rivets, and welds. In this section, we shall consider two types of balancing: The static unbalance can be corrected by removing (drilling) metal at the chalk mark or by adding a weight at 180 ° from the chalk mark. Since the magnitude of unbalance is not known, the amount of material to be removed or added must be determined by trial and error. This procedure is called single-plane balancing, since all the mass lies practically in a sing le plane. †¢The single-plane balancing procedure can be used for balancing in one plane that is, for rotors of the rigid disc type.If the rotor is an elongated rigid body, the unbalance can be anywhere along the length of the rotor. In this case, the rotor can be balanced by adding balancing weights in any two planes. For convenience, the two planes are usually chosen as the end planes of the rotor. However, in many practical applications, such as turbines, compressors, electric motors, and pumps, a heavy rotor is mounted on a lightweight, flexible shaft that is supported in bearings. There will be unbalance in all rotors due to manufacturing errors.These unbalances as well as other effects, such as the stiffness and damping of the shaft, gyroscopic effects, and fluid friction in bearings, will cause a shaft to bend in a complicated manner at certain rotational speeds, known as the whirling, whipping, or critical speeds. Whirling is defined as the rotation of the plane made by the line of centers of the bearings and the bent shaft. Reference link: http://classof1. com/homework-help/engineering-homework-help

Supermax Prisons

Supermax Prisons and Their Adverse Effects Introduction Due to increasing crime rates and the extensive belief that rehabilitative programs for inmates do not work, a new and harsher method for prisons is being utilized. Instead of scattering the worst criminals, they are being consolidated into Supermax prisons. Supermax prisons are state of the art penitentiaries meant to hold only the worst of the worst criminals and inmates that cannot be trusted in regular prisons. There are strict regulations and policies to control inmates’ time for communication, recreation, visiting, religious practices, and education even more than regular prisons.More often than not, â€Å"inmates in supermax prisons spend 23 hours of every day locked in a small cell† (Hickey pg. 160). Supermax prisons work upon the premise that the most violent and disorderly inmates can be better controlled â€Å"by separation, restricted movement, and limited access to staff and other inmates† (Hick ey pg. 167). While supermax prisons are believed to reduce crime and increase safety, there are questions of whether or not this is actually the case. Compare/Contrast CritiqueSupermax prisons are considered effective because they consolidate the most violent criminals and allow for other prisons to function more safely and more normally for both staff and inmates. However the inmates cannot just be consolidated and held to the same standards as regular prisons, as was revealed at Marion in 1980 when the â€Å"operation began to show clear signs of the underlying stresses of using this quasi-normal system to deal with such aggressive offenders† (Hickey pg. 164). In response, a new and more sophisticated facility was created to cater to the high-security needs of a prison with extremely dangerous inmates.These newer facilities were created to â€Å"control the inmate’s behavior until they demonstrate that they can be moved back to a traditional open-population penitent iary† (Hickey pg. 165). While incarcerated at supermax prisons, the inmates are handcuffed around staff, eat and exercise alone, and are kept in their cells for most of the day. As prisoners behave well, they are given more and more privileges until they are deemed safe enough to return to regular prisons. Additionally, there is a much higher staff to inmate ratio than at normal prisons.All services that are required are available and â€Å"operations are consistent with constitutional requirements related to conditions and confinement† (Hickey pg. 166). After returning to regular penitentiaries from a supermax prison, 80% of former inmates behave well enough that they do not return to the supermax prison. Supermax prisons provide a level of safety and security for both staff and inmates that other prisons cannot provide. On the other hand, there is a dark side and harsh reality to supermax prisons besides the obvious high costs of maintaining the prisons that are funde d by tax payers.While supermax prisons claim to uphold the prisoner’s constitutional rights, there are many claims that state otherwise ranging from the denial of medical care to illegal censorship of mail—â€Å"prison guards have testified to shackling prisoners to their beds and spraying them with high-pressure fire hoses† (Hickey pg. 169). The placement of inmates at certain levels of security and confinement based upon behavior is arbitrary. The guards determine what is â€Å"good† and â€Å"bad† behavior, and their reasons could be as menial as â€Å"refusing to make beds or complaining about clogged and overflowing toilets† (Hickey pg. 169).Additionally, the amount of control that the inmates are placed under (near 24-hour isolation, little to no physical contact between visitors and inmates and highly limited and scheduled outdoor recreation time) creates an environment that is psychologically debilitating and harmful to personal and social identities. Rehabilitation is set aside and replaced with competition between the inmates for privileges, fostering a hostile environment. The amount of frustration, deprivation, and despair that inmates endure do not create less violent inmates, but something much more dangerous (at the least, more angry).Fighting violence with more violence is not working—supermax prisons are not reducing crime or safety. Critique of the Debate Supermax prisons are a good idea on paper. However, in practice, supermax prisons do not work. In a contrasting example, there are many soldiers returning from war. They are greeted by family, strangers buy food for them out of gratitude for their service, and there are programs and support groups that help them return to normal ways of life. Still, the transition from the life of a soldier in combat back to the civilian world is not easy. However, these issues are recognized and respected in many forms of support.On the other hand, for the in creasingly large amount of criminals who are sent to supermax prisons for breaking the law, the preparation and actual transition from prison life back to regular society is not widely recognized or respected, with little or no support. There are few credible methods or support groups that truly help previous convicts return to normal life, especially in comparison to a soldier returning from war. Additionally, individuals that are accepted members of society greet the returning convicts with trepidation and suspicion because of the belief â€Å"once a thief, always a thief. Consequently, the convict’s return to society and â€Å"normal† life is nearly impossible and recommitting criminal acts is expected. While the return of a criminal from prison should not be honored the way a soldier is honored when returning from deployment, a criminal should have similar rehabilitative and re-immersion programs and support groups. With the levels of confinement being dictated by arbitrary rules and expectations set in place by guards, inmates behave well only because they want privileges and rewards rather than to actually improve themselves.Using a reward-punishment system does not develop character or help prisoners in their eventual assimilation back into society. When inmates are released from prison, they need to return better than they were before prison or else they will just end up in prison again. In order for this to be accomplished, â€Å"a more holistic view of crime control† needs to be set in order and there needs to be more of a focus â€Å"on community and restoration and less on imprisonment† (Hickey pg. 174). The United States has been using prisons for centuries now and imprisonment rates have only increased throughout history.Perhaps the answer to reducing crime is not in the traditional idea of fear of punishment, but the United States seems to be stuck on the idea of using prisons and imprisonment to thwart crime neverth eless. In a perfect world, criminals will be sent to prison, spend their time there wisely, and return to society a changed people. However, in reality, inmates are being released from prison worse off than when they entered the prison. Not seeing or interacting with another human being creates a disconnection from humanity.For the inmate, being kept totally separated and isolated from everyone, there must inevitably be a sense of anger and resentment towards the system that should be helping them and at the very least be showing them how to act properly in society upon their release from prison. Additionally, controlling every aspect of a person’s life is not productive or educational. Learning from mistakes is a part of life, but supermax prisons have nothing to offer in terms of learning. Since the inmates have clearly made mistakes (they are in prison after all), they should be educated on how to learn and grow from their mistakes.Instead, they are just put down as failur es and expected to continue failing. However, as supermax prisons become more and more popular, rehabilitative programs and the inmate’s humanity are being set aside for safer conditions and security. The idea that you have to sacrifice either the humanity of the inmate or the safety of the staff would imply that the system is severely flawed. There has to be a better way to punish criminals, but also rehabilitate them. Conclusion The current penal system that the United States has is flawed and supermax prisons are simply not as effective as was expected.The traditional use of prisons and imprisonment as a way to deter crime is not (nor has it ever been) actually successful at reducing crime, but for some reason we keep to the same plan and modify it rather than take a whole new approach. A person who goes to prison should not want or need to commit deviance after leaving prison—they should leave a changed person. Society should strive to help the person returning fro m prison similar to the way soldiers are aided upon their return to the United States.Instead, society remains adamant in continuing to punish and then ignore those who commit crimes which in end creates a never ending cycle of deviance. The system for punishing criminals needs to change, but how society views the punishment of criminals needs to change as well. Instead of focusing on revenge and justice, the focus needs to be on rehabilitation and development. Works Cited Hickey, T. (2012). Taking sides: Clashing views in crime and criminology. (10th ed. ). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Companies Inc.

Business Plan for the coffee shop Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Business Plan for the coffee shop - Coursework Example Direct competitors include Starbucks, Pref A Manger, Costa, and other coffee shops in the London region. Indirect competitors include bars and restaurants who sell milkshakes and coffee. Saturation in London has prompted key coffee chains to expand regionally. Despite retaining their outlet growth, this has resulted to downward pressure on sales and increased competition. The year 2004 witnessed key coffee shop brands picking off major high traffic sites thus leveraging their powerful brands to compete with other independents and formats. Caffe Nero, Costa, and Starbucks remain to be the dominant players in the United Kingdom coffee shop markets. In 2004, the main competitor was Starbucks and it has more than 400 outlets.2 However, in 2010, Costa Coffee became the market leader and it is the current UK’s preferred coffee shop.3 The coffee shop has competitive advantage over the competitor’s coffee shops. This is because of its good customer service, good location, and g ood product quality and various choices in terms of the interior. Industry Analysis After oil, coffee is the second most traded product in the world. The milkshake and coffee market is highly competitive. The coffee and milkshake market is dominated by international brands such as Starbucks and Costa. Project Cafe10 UK research has revealed that the UK coffee shop market sales have grown by 12 percent in 2010 and branded coffee shop segments such as Pret, Caffe Nero, Costa, and Starbucks recording 1.94 billion Sterling pounds in revenue. Venue choice among the consumers has increased and these venues include non-specialist operators, independents, and branded chains; in 2010, the venues comprised over 14,022 outlets. The market,... The report intends to examine short term and long term aims and objectives such as to make the coffee shop known in the area and gain competitive advantage; to increase customer awareness by 30 percent within a period of three months; to achieve sales worth  £85,000 within a period of one year; to open over 10 shops around the united kingdom within five years; to gain at least 3 percent share of the market within a period of seven years. In order to analyze the business environments, various business analysis tools such as SWOT, competitor analysis, industry analysis etc will be included in the paper. The focus of the coffee shop is on quality and price of the product. The main forms of advertising to be used include online advertising and brand advertising. Online advertising makes use of the internet to advertise the product. Mass media has not proved to be an effective method of advertising. Online advertising is used by most corporations because of its efficiency and cost effec tiveness. On the other hand, brand advertising entails gaining the confidence of the market about a particular product. Its aim is to manipulate demand for a particular product. Unique selling proposition will also be used to advertise the product. Unique selling proposition makes use of a unique ‘slogan’ for a particular product in order to differentiate it from the competitor’s product. The unique selling proposition for the coffee shop is â€Å"Quality and Service to Suit Your Tastes.†

Watch the movie and follow questions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Watch the movie and follow questions - Essay Example behaviour, the entire vicinity proves to express a lot of concern for Lars until he finds his new love Bianca who is not human but just a life-size doll that became known to him through a co-worker. Definitely, this kind of a friend is unusual and unreal, but even with that the entire family and the village so to say seems to be happy with Lars decision to live happily with a doll. Out of all characters performing this movie, it is only Gus, Lars’ brother who looks afraid of what other people would say about his brother’s inanimate relationship with a doll; otherwise, all others encourage Lars, including Dagmar the family doctor (Schwartzberg 110-1) What I find most interesting in the movie is the realism in the almost impossible affair that exists between Lars Lindstrom and the life-size doll Bianca. At first, we as the audience look at it as if it is impossibility and it would never happen that a real human would actually fall in love with a doll and actually treat it as a real human girlfriend. To make matters even more interesting, Lars’ acted confidence is able to convince almost everyone that Bianca was his only beloved friend and deserved to be treated with uttermost love, care and attention. Despite some doubt at the beginning, Gus, his brother buys into this idea to join a large number of other individuals in the village that preceded him in acknowledging the existence of at list a friend in the lonely life of Lars. What makes it even more interesting is the perspective and reasoning behind all the villagers and well-wishers that commented about the new relationship between Bianca the life-size doll and Lars the lonely worker. Their reasoning was all that really mattered at that particular time was the fact that finally Lars had a friend and could afford to have a smile on his cheeks; the rest they left to God. Finally, as I was watching the movie there is the aspect of Godliness that I find provocative in the way this aspect has been portrayed.